-
Homeostasis
Receptor, control center, effector
-
Pathway from receptor to control center
afferent
-
Control center to effector
efferent
-
Negative feedback
any change that is opposite the initial change
-
blood sugar range
80-100 ml grams per deci liter
-
Postive feedback
- maintaining of inital change
- blood clot, contractions
-
Endocrine system
- Hormones
- Non continuose system
- lumps that are very specific
-
Amino-acid based hormones
- Indirect activation
- Hormone is ligand
- Work only with G-protein and second messenger
- Ciclic amps and calcium
-
Steroid hormone
- Hormones come through cell, no second messenger
- 1/2 life
- duration varies
-
Tyroxin
Amino acid that acts like steroid no second messenger
-
Permisive
- Needs permission to work
- One hormone needs ok to work
-
Synergism
Both have to go together to get reaction
-
Antagonism
- One works in response to the other
- One goes up and the other goes down
-
Humoral
Blood stimuli, blood sugar
-
Neural
Comes from the nervous system
-
Hormonal
One hormone telling another to secrete hormone
-
-
Anteroir lobe
- Adenohypophisis
- Secretes 6 hormones
-
Tropic hormones
TSH, FSH, GH, ACTH
-
Posterior lobe
- Neurohypophysis
- Secretes oxytocin and ADH
-
Growth hormone
- anterior lobe
- growth hormone
-
Dwarfism
hypo-secretion in children
-
Gigantism
hyper-secretion
-
Acromegaly
hyper- secretion after growth should have stopped adults
-
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Stimulates thyroid-to secrete thyroxin
-
Cretinism
Hypo-stunted growth and mental retardation
-
Myxedema
Adults-snake like skin
-
Hyperthyroidism
Hyper-graves disease-lots of problems waste away
-
Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH
Tells other cells to secrete adrenal hormone
-
Crushings disease
Hyper-big mid-section small limbs
-
Follicle-stimulating hormone FSH
Sex hormone
-
Luteinizing hormone LH
Sex hormone
-
Prolactin PRL
Promotes lactation
-
Galactorrhea
Milk but not pregnant or had baby
-
-
Gynecomastia
Enlargement of breasts in males
-
Oxytocin
- Pituitary gland secretion
- Regulates contractions
- Cuddle hormone makes men lovie
-
Antidiuretic hormone ADH
- Pituitary gland secretion
- Stops your body from peeing to much
-
Diabetes insipidus
Hypo-not related to glucose-pee out to much
-
Thyroid gland
Secretes calcitonin and thyroxin
-
Follicle cells
Secrete thyroglobulin
-
Parafollicular cell
Secretes calcitonin
-
Iodine
Mixes with thyroglobulin to make thyroxin
-
Thyroxin
Metabolic hormone
-
Calcitonin
lowers blood calcium increases bone calcium
-
Goiter
No absorbtion of thyroglobulin, collects on thyroid gland
-
Hasimotoes
- Secretes more thyroxin
- immune system secretes anti bodies and body makes more thyroxin
-
Parathyroid Gland
- 4 to 8 glands
- Secretes parathyroid hormone
- Increases blood calcium
-
Cheif cells
Secretes parathyroid hormone
-
Oxyphil cells
We dont know what they do
-
Osteitis
Hyper-secretion-thicking of bone, extentions of bones
-
-
Parathyroid hormone
Increases blood calcium, decreases bone calcium
-
Calcitonin
Decreases blood calcium, increases bone calcium
-
Adrenal Cortex
25 hormones
-
Medulla
- Middle of adrenal gland
- Secretes Catecholamines
-
Cortex
- Outside of adrenal gland
- Secretes three corticoids
-
Mineralo-corticoid
- Secreted by cortex
- Secretes hormones related to minerals
-
Gluco-corticoid
- Secreted by cortex
- Secretes hormones related to glucose
-
Gonado-corticoid
- Secreted by cortex
- Secretes hormones related to reproduction
-
Aldosterone
Hormone that regulates sodium
-
Mineralocorticoids
- Secreted by cortex
- Sodium regulation
- Directly regulates sodium, indirectly regulates water
-
Aldosteronism
Hyper-secretion
-
Addings disease
Dehydration symptoms
-
Glucocorticoids
- Secreted by cortex
- Glucos regulation
-
Cushing syndrome
Hyper-secretion
-
Addisons disease
Hypo-secretion
-
Gonadocorticoids
- Secreted by cortex
- Reproductive
-
Adrenogenital
Hypo-secretion-male char. in females
-
Catecholamines
- Secreted by medulla
- Epinephrine
-
Pancreace
Secretes hormones and enzymes
-
Exocrine
Secretes enzymes
-
Endocrine
Secretes hormones
-
Acinar cells
Secretes enzymes in pancreas
-
Islet of Langerhans
Secretes hormones
-
Alpha Cells
Secretes glucagon-29 proteins
-
Beta Cells
Secretes insulin-31 proteins
-
Insulin
- Secreted when blood sugar is up
- Tells gluts to open to lower sugar levels
-
Glucagon
Secreted when blood sugar is low Pancreas secretes glucagon which makes glycogen to brain
-
Type 1 Diabetes
- No insulin produced
- Injections needed to lower blood sugar
- Mostly children
-
Type 2 Diabetes
- Not dependent on insulin
- Glut doors arent opening in responce to high blood sugar
- Insuline forces gluts open
-
-
Polydipsia
Always thirsty
-
-
Ketonuria
- Lipid break down very fast
- Acetone breath
-
Hypoglicimia
- Suger adsorbsion takes twice as long
- Blood surgar levels are inadiquite
-
Gonads & Ovaries
Angrogene-secretes estrogen, progestrine, testosterine
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