-
Function of RBC
carry O2 (hemoglobin)
-
Function Of WBC
protect body from infection
-
-
Function of Plasma
transports materials in bloood since it is the liquid part of blood
-
What is excreted via Lungs?
(Respiratory)
-
What are the components of blood?
-
What is the purpose of excretion?
- to remove unnecessary products
- and maintain homeostasis
-
Function of villi in SI
to increase surface area
-
A. Function of Bile
B. Where is it produced
- A. Breaks down fats (lipids)
- B. Liver
-
What is broken down in the stomach?
What enzyme(s) is/are used?
-
What is broken down in the mouth?
By what enzyme(s)?
- Starch --> Glucose
- Amylase
-
Mechanical Digestion... Explain.
Where does it take place?
- It physically breaks down food
- in the mouth, stomach
-
Organs involved in digestion
- Mouth >
- Salivary Glands >
- Esophagus >
- Stomach >
- Liver >
- Gall Bladder >
- Pancreas >
- Small Intestine>
- Large INtestine >
- Rectum
-
The purpose of digestion is ___________
to break down food and nutrients into smaller, usable subsatnces
-
The role of Liver in Excretion is to _______
The liver secretes bile, a base used for breaking down fats. Therefore, it helps get rid of unneeded wastes in the body
-
What does urine consist of?
-
5 Wastes produced by the excretory system are _________
-
Four organs in Excretory System:
- Lungs
- Skin
- Kidney
- Urethra????
-
Enzymes for the SI are produced in the ___(1)___ & ___(2)___
- Liver
- -- bile, disacharidases, dipeptidases
- Pancreas
- -- amylase, trypsin, lipase
-
Small Intestine:
nutrient (broken down by enzyme)
- fats (bile & lipase)
- starches (amylase & disacharidases)proteins (trypsin & dipeptidases)
-
Structure of a nephron
- Glomerulus
- Bowman's Capsule
- Renal Cortex
- Renal Medulla
- Loop of Henle
- Collecting tubule
- Vein
- Artery
- filtrate
- capillaries
-
-
What nutrients do "we" need to survive?
- Fats
- Proteins
- Water
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Carbs
-
name the Blood Vessels
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
- Arterioles
- Venuoles
-
Label:
- 1. Aorta
- 2. Superior Vena Cava
- 3. Pulmonary Artery
- 4. Pulmonary Veins
- 5. Right Atrium
- 6. Tricuspid Valve
- 7. Right Ventricle
- 8. Inferior Vena Cava
- 9. Pilmonary Artery
- 10. Pulmonary Veins
- 11. Left Atrium
- 12. Bicuspid/mitral Valve
- 13. Semi Lunar Valve
- 14. Left Ventricle
- 15. Aorta
-
Flow of Blood through Heart
Right Atrium -->
- RA
- Tricuspid
- RV
- Semilunar
- PA
- Lungs
- PV
- LA
- Mitral/Bicuspid
- LV
- Semilunar
- Aorta
- Body
- Vena Cavas
- RA
- (start over)
-
Oxygen Rich vs Oxygen Poor
- Rich: Left
- Poor Right
- (side of Heart)
-
Difference between:
Pulmonary
Coronary
Systemic
- Pulm: Lungs
- Coronary: Heart
- Systemic: Body
-
Define Disease
any change, other than an injury, that disrupts homeostasis
-
Infectious Disease
Diseases caused by pathogens and can be spread from person to person
- INfectious disease: Virus
- NON-infectious disease: Cancer
-
Infectious Disease caused by:
- Inheritance (hemophilia, sickle cell anemia)
- Environmental Factors (second hand smoke)
- Pathogens (Viruses, Fungi, protists, worms, bacteria)
-
What is a Pathogen?
- "sickness makers"
- agents that enter the body and disrupt homeostasis
-
What are the three lines of defense? Explain.
- 1st line: Nonspecific - "fortress walls"
- skin, tears, sweat, saliva, mucus, stomach acid, etc
- 2nd line: If pathogen passes 1st line --> infection; Non-specific
- Inflammatory response: increased blood flow (area becomes red and swelled)
- 3rd line: Specific -- "Security Guard"
- recognizes, attacks, destroys, remembers
-
What are Koch's Postulates?
- Steps to determining a disease:
- - Pathogen should be found in the body of sick organism
- - Pathogen must be isolated and grown
- - When Pathogen is put into a new host, same disease is caused
- - pathogen from new host should be re-isolated and identical to original
-
What are ANTIGENS?
- Antigen:
- ANTI - GEN
- ANTI
body GENorator
- Molecules/Markers on pathigens that triggers an immune response
- Generate Anitibodies
-
Types of Immunity:
Passive & Active
- Passive
- temporary
- "borrowed immunity"maternal immunity (antibodies come to baby from mother before birth and from mother's breast milk)
- Active:
- body produces its own antibodies/Killer T Cells to attack an antigen
- results from having the disease or getting the vaccination
-
AIDS
- HIV attacks helper T-Cells and multiplies
- HIV causes AIDS
- A positive HIV result doesn't necessarily means you have AIDS, but if you have AIDS, you are HIV+
- You don't die from AIDS, you die because something slipped past your immune system and is too weak to fight back
- HIV/AIDS is spread by unprotected sex and drug use
- less than 200 T cells determines if you have AIDS
-
Allergies
- Rapid immmune system reaction to environmental substances that are normally harmless
- reacts by releasing antihystamines
- leads to runny nose, swelling, rash, sneezing
-
Who are Salk, Sabin, and Enders??? :P
- Salk used a killed virus to find a vaccine for polio; marinated it in formalin
- Sabin used a live virus to find a polio vaccine
- Enders found out how to grow polio in test tubes
-
Inhaling and Exhaling:
relationship between volume and pressure
- Inhaling: volume ^, pressure V
- Exhaling: volume V, pressure ^
- (INDIRECT RELATIONSHIP)
-
Parts of the respiratory system:
- mouth
- nose
- pharynx
- epiglottis
- larynx
- trachea
- lungs
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- alveoli
- diaphragm
-
Gas exchange occurs in the ____?_____
? = Alveoli
-
CO2 is transported via _1__, __2_, & __3_
- 1. carbonic acid (70%)
- 2. hemoglobin (20%)
- 3. plasma (10%)
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