Science Test Chapter 1

the longest chain of mountains in the world

a device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves

is the process that continually adds new material to the ocean floor

deep water canyons

the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath deep ocean trench and back into the mantle

the litoshpere is broken into seperate sections

well tested concept that explains a wide range of obsevations

geological therory that states that pieces of Earths lithosphere are in constant slow motion

breaks in Earth's crust where rocks have slipped past each other

a place where two plates slip past each other moving in opposite directions

place where two plates move apart

deep valley forms along the divergent boundary

the place where two plates come together

Are scientists who study the forces that make and shape planet Earth.

the material that forms Earth's surface

They study the physical and chemical charecteristics of rock and they also study the processes that create Earth's features and search for clues about Earth's history

the study of planet Earth and began in the late 1700s

Constructive force and destructive force

Shape the surface by buliding up mountains and landmasses

those that slowly wear away mountains and eventually everyother feature on the surface

seven great landmasses made up of layers of rock and surrounded by oceans

an indirect method used to study Earth's interior

There are 3 main layers called the crust, mantle, and the core

Layer of rock forming Earth's outer skin. Icludes both dry land and ocean floor. Ocean Crust mad of Basalt and Continental Crust is made of Granite

dark, dense rock with fine texture (oceanic crust) thickest under montains

a lighter less denserock that has larger crystals than basalt

a layer of solid, hot, rock benath the crust. Th mantle is made of 2 parts called the Lithosphere and the Athenopshere

The crust and upper rigid layer

The soft layer underneath the litoshpere

Consists of a liquid outer core and a solid inner core the core is made of the metals iron and nickel

The currents in the liquid outer core force the solid inner core to spin at a slightly faster rate than the rest of the planet creating the magnetic field

the force pushing on a surface or area

the movment of energy from a warmer obect to a cooler object

transfer of energy through an empty space

heat transfer by movement of heated fluid

a measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a substence

the flow thar transfers heat within fluid

meaning all lands

the continents slowly moved over Eath's surface

any trace of an ancient organism that has been preservered in rock

The continents move 1 to 10 centimenters per year

• When the oceanic crust and the continetal crust collide the oceanic crust sinks beneath the surface beacuse the oceanic crust is more dense
• when the oceanic and oceanic collide the more dense one dives under the other plate
• when two plates of continetal collide they usually crash together because they arent tht dense

Alfred is the man who thought of the super continent called Pangea and the therory of continental drift he studyed fossils and landforms to find out the information to have his plan rejected because he didnt have enough info about the force that moves the continents

It occurs in Trenches in the oceanic crust