CDIS

Master's Degree

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

A non-profit association which represents speech-language pathologists and audiologist. It works to protect the consumers of our services

1925

Certificate of Clinical Competence....and is awarded by ASHA when the requirements are met.

• Colorado
• Michigan
• South Dokota

They are voluntary but if you do not get them most places will NOT hire you.

Process of transmission and exchange of information, feelings and attitude

• Arbitrary symbol-gesture
• Ie: Men's bathroom sign on door
• Can be oral or non-oral
• ie: Speaking vs. Non speaking

A system of symbols and codes used in communication or as a form of social behavior shaped and maintained by a verbal community

Language is a socially shared code or conventional system for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule governed combinations of those symbols.

• The medium of oral communication that employs a linguistic code. Includes the motor act of respiration, phonation, articulation, and resonance.
• SPEECH MUST BE ORAL

• Made up of 3 things:
• Pitch>frequency of the voice
• Resonance>Modification of the voice as it leaves the Larynx
• Intensity>Loudness of the voice

Smallest linguistic unit of sound

Describes the production, perception, and classification of speech sounds

• Rules for a set of sounds of the language and for their combination into syllables and words.
• (These are our phonotactic rules)

• Morphology
• Syntax
• Semantics
• Pragmatics

• IS NOT HOW TO SPELL WORDS!
• it is...how words are put together to form words.
• It indicates how words are formed and provides a bridge between phonology and syntax

The sounds of our language

• The grammer of our language
• SYNTAX AND GRAMMER GO TOGETHER
• The arrangement of words in our language

The smalles unit of language that can carry meaning

• can stand alone and have meaning
• IE: ink, mother, write, radio, the, past

• Must be joined to another morpheme to convey meaning
• IE: -ing, -ed, un-, 's

• The meaning
• Looking at the meaning of words and word groups in languages
• Studying the development and changes in ^^

• The use
• The study of the rules underlyingthe functional/social use of language
• 2 main areas of study...

• Language functions: Goals or functions of language or reasons why ppl speak.
• IE: greeting, requesting, answering, etc
• Rules of Conversation: Study of the influence of a linguist/nonlinguistic context of what a person says and how they say it.
• IE: how to enter and initiate a conversation

• FORM
• CONTENT- semantics
• USE-pragmatics(how we use the words)

Syntax, morphology, phonology

Easy smooth speech

Speech at which we talk

Timing of speech

prosody

Stress on a word, intonation, pausing in a sentence

gestures, eye gaze, proxemics (how close u are to the speaker)

• Any impairment to decode or encode a symbol system.
• May involve speech &/or language processes
• MAY AFFECT A PERSON OF ANY AGE

• The cause
• The study of a cause

No known etiology

No demonstrated organic or neurologic cause but may be learned

Defect in the neurophysiological or speech mechanism

• Born with the disorder
• IE: cleft pallet

• Disorder is present somtime after there has been a period of NORMAL communication
• Something happened that stops the progression, or it gets worse

• Disorder presents itself during the course of development of the child;
• there was never a point at which the communication was better than it is at the point of diagnosis
• CHILD WAS BORN WITH IT

PPL who speak or understand 2 language

PPL who speak more than 2 languages

A group that is numerically smaller than the comparitive group

2030

40

Arkansas, Nevada, NC, Georgia, Nebraska

6

• refers to the phonological, suprasegmental, and vocal characteristics of a spoken language.
• Influences by regional and language differences.

• variations of a specific language.
• Includes not only surface structure variations but the deep structure
• NOT CONSIDERED DISORDED COMMUNICATION BUT DIFFERENCES

IE: North vs. South in Oklahoma has different speaking

• A dialect pattern
• SLANG

• Gender based dialect
• gender sometimes determines the vocab you use.

• Ability to change in speaking situation.
• IE: talking to a princpal vs. talking to a friend

Black English

• Self/parents
• teacher or other school personnel
• physician
• other professionals

• pre-diagnostic
• -obtaining case history (client, family disorder info)
• -Telephone interview

• Diagnostic test day
• -further interview client/family member
• -or ofacial exam
• -hearing screening
• -speech and language sample
• -formal testing specific to the area(s) which need investigation

• Post diagnosis (what we did, why and the results)
• -interp conference- recommendations are made
• -written report disseminates

• An informed predicition of the outcome of a disorder
• IE:5 yr ols mom wants to know what will happen if disorder is left untreated and if therapy will help.

• Supply oxygen to the blood
• generating source for speech production

• Larynx-vibrates
• also prevents foreign objects from entering the lungs

• 3 cavaties:
• Pharynx
• Oral
• Nasal

• Life support
• pathways for air, food; chewing and swallowing

To the side

coming to the midline

back

front

pulled away from the midline

come toward the midline

• Lungs
• respiratory passages

• Trachea(windpipe)- Semerigid tube, its flexible
• Bronchi from lungs
• Bronchioles- opens into alveoli in lungs

• Rib cage
• Diaphram
• Sternum
• Etc..

Found above the diaphram

Found below the diaphram in lower abdomen

Esphogus (food tube)

• Cricoid cartilage
• Thyriod Cartilage
• Arytenoid cartilage (pyramids)
• Cricoarytenoid joint
• Epigolottis (cartilage)
• Hyoid bone

• 1cm long in female
• 1 1/2cm long in male

Opening between vocal folds, it is not a stucture but an opening

AKA false vocal folds

• AKA Hypopharanx
• Behind and above larynx

Behind oral cavity

• behind nasal cavity
• made up of overlapping constricor muscles

• Inferior: larynx and esophogus
• Anterior: Oral and nasal cavity
• Posterior: Spinal Column

Hard palate, teeth, alveolar ridge, velum, lips, cheek, tongue, mandible

• Nose
• sinues (cavaties)

increases; decreases

Movement and pressure of air from lungs

What happens when your doing passive breathing

• Pull downward so we can get extended speaking time
• It moves air out of lungs

• 14-18 for males
• 16-20 for females (cause systems are smaller)

5

• OPEN, NOT VIBRATE- lets air pass thru
• used for all voiceless sounds

• =phonation
• vocal folds open and close rapidly to set up phonation
• used for all voice sounds
• *Adult male 90-180 cps
• *female 150-300cps (cause females have higher pitched voices)

cycles per minute

• Whispering
• Vocal chords come together and open and close...but not close

• IE:Bottle...take out the tt
• IE:Mountain...take out the t

Phonotory source (sound of our words)

The quality of the sound

Neuron

• Cell body
• Axon- carries info away
• Dendrites- carries info to
• Mylin Sheath

Afferent or sensory

Efferent or motor

• carry info from one neuron to another...
• its a gap

Brain and spinal cord

• Brain stem
• Cerebellum
• Cerebruem

• Frontal - intellect, planning and motor for speech
• Temporal- Recieves and processes auditory and hearing sensation, memory
• Parietal- storage of info, recieves sensory impulses
• Occipital- Visual perception and recognition

Gyrus

• Sulcus
• Fissures

Speech production

Speech comprehension

Contralateral innervation

Ipsilateral innervation

• Cranial nerves
• Spinal nerves

7

• Sensory to face
• Masication (chewing)

• Taste (gustation)
• Facial muscles

• (deals with hearing)
• Audition and equilubrium
• Minimal motor functions
• mainly sensory nerve

• taste, gag reflex
• Swallow stimulation, pharynx

• pharynx, larynx
• pharynx, larynx
• (equally sensory and motor functions)

• NO sensory functions
• head and shoulders

• Minimal sensory functions
• Tongue