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The four types of tissues are..
- 1. Epithelial tissue
- 2. Connective tissue
- 3. Muscle tissue
- 4. Nervous tissue
- • All cells in your body belong to one of thefour types of tissues
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Functions of Epithelial Tissue
- 1. Physical protection – from dehydration, abrasion and physical, chemical and biologicalagents
- 2. Selective permeability– regulates the passage of certain molecules in or out of acertain region of the body
- 3. Secretion -- some epithelial cells called exocrine cells produce secretions such as sweat or oil
- 4. Sensations – possess nerve endings that can detect light, taste, sound, smell and hearing
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Glands
Function?
Produce what?
*
- • Glands perform a secretory function
- • They produce mucin, hormones, enzymes and waste products
- • *Glands can be either exocrine or endocrine.
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE (CT)
Function?
- • Function is to “connect” one structure to another structure
- • CT is the “glue” and “filler” of the body
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Functions of Connective Tissue
- 1. Physical protection
- 2. Support & structural framework
- 3. Binding of structures
- 4. Storage
- 5. Transport
- 6. Immune protection
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Development of Connective Tissue
Mesenchyme?
Mucous?
- • Arises from mesoderm
- • Two types of embryonic CT:
- 1. Mesenchyme – source of all adult CT
- 2. Mucous – found in umbilical cord and can contain stem cells for future use by the individual
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Cells of Connective Tissue Proper
Resident?
Wandering?
- 1. Resident cells include fibroblasts, adipocytes, fixed macrophages and mesenchymal cells
- 2. Wandering cells include mast and plasma cells, free macrophages and leukocytes
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Fibers of Connective Tissue Proper
-long, unbranching, strong, flexible and resistant to stretching. They make up 25% of all protein in the human body making collagen the most abundant protein?
-thinner than collagen,stretch easily, branch and rejoin. These fibers allow structures such as blood vessels to stretch and relax
- thinner than collagen fibers, form a meshwork-like configuration, found in organs with abundant spaces such as liver, lymphnodes and spleen…..packing material
- 1. Collagen fibers
- 2. Elastic fibers
- 3. Reticular fibers
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Connective Tissue Proper
Can be classified into two categories..relate them to protien fibers and ground substance
- 1. Loose CT – has fewer protein fibers and more ground substance
- 2. Dense CT – has more protein fibers and less ground substance
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Loose Connective Tissue
-known as “fat”, comprised mainly of adipocytes (fat cells) and very little else
-reticular fibers, fibroblasts and leukocytes, found in spleen, lymphnodes and bone marrow
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Supporting Connective Tissue
The two types of supporting connective tissue are:
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Cartilage
Cells are called what? What do they have and what does it contain? What is their function?
- • Cells are called chondrocytes. They secrete a gel-like extracellular matrix containing collagen and elastic fibers
- • Chondrocytes occupy small spaces enclosed by their extracellular matrixcalled lacunae
- • Provide support and with stand deformation such as the nose and the ear
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Where is hyaline cartilage tissue found?
Nose, shoulder, trachea
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Where is fibrocartilage tissue found? And what is it's function?
- Found in discs in back
- Strength in between bones with stress
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Elastic Cartilage is found where?
Ear
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Bone
Cells are called what? What is the extracellular matrix made up of? What's its function?
- • Cells are called osteocytes
- • collagen and bone salts
- • This mixture provides extreme strength(from the bone salts) and micro-flexibility (from the collagen)
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Fluid Connective Tissue
Comprised of the following components(4)..
Where is it found?
- 1. Erythrocytes – red blood cells
- 2. Leukocytes – white blood cells
- 3. Platelets – fragments of blood cells involved in blood clotting
- 4. Plasma -- a watery ground substance containing protein fibers
- 5. Blood
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MUSCLE TISSUE
What are the cells called? What happens when it is stimulated by the nervouse system? What is the result?
- • Comprised of cells called fibers
- • fibers shorten or contract
- • movement i.e.movement of bones, blood, food, sperm
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Classification of Muscle Tissue
Three types of muscle:
- 1. Skeletal
- 2. Cardiac
- 3. Smooth
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Skeletal muscle cannot do what?
Proliferate
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Cardiac muscle
Where is its function?
Pulls in multiple directions
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Smooth Muscle
Where is this located?
Organs and vessels
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NERVOUS TISSUE
Two types of cells? Definition? Function of nerve cells?
- 1. Neurons -- nerve cells that are capable of initiating and conducting electrical activity throughout the body
- 2. Neuroglia – cells that support the neurons
- 3. communication and control of body functions
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Neuron
What does a dendrite do and where is it located?
What does an axon do and where is it located?
- Dendrite is farther down the neuron and it collects info
- An axon is right at the stem of a neuron and it sends out signals
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Tissue Change and Death
Tissues can undergo change in form, size or number during the aging process(5):
- 1. Metaplasia – epithelia lining the respiratory airways ofpeople who smoke change from pseudostratifiedciliated to stratified squamous epithelium
- 2. Hypertrophy – increase in the size of existing cells
- 3. Hyperplasia – increase in the number of cells in atissue
- 4. Neoplasia – out of control growth which forms a tumor
- 5. Atrophy – shrinkage of tissue either by cell size or cellnumber
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