Pharmacology Review

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Valproic Acid (Depakote) Gabapentine (Neurontin)

time the drug enters the body until it gets into the bloodstream. affected by dosage form, route, GI motility

Renin - angiotensinogen - Angiotnesin - ACE - ANGIOTENSIN II - vasoconstriction - aldosterone - increased Na/water

Inhibits the ACE in the lungs and prevents the formation of angiotensin II, this stops vasoconstriction and aldosterone

cough, angioedema, proteinuria, taste changes, orthostatic hypotension, pruritus, renal failure, rash, hyperkalemia

NRTI - Zidovudine (AZT) NNRT - Delavirdine, Nevirapine PI - Saqinavir, Ritonavir, Indinair

Blocks the effects of the SNS by binding to alpha 1 receptor sites. antihypertensive/BPH

binds to angiotensin II receptor sites

neutralizes gastric acid. Mg-diarrhea. avoid in renal pts. Ca & aluminum - constipation

antibiotic, anti-tuberculars, antiviral agents, AIDS, Antifungal Agents (-azole)

Isoniazid (INH) - Pyridoxine (Vit B6) to prevent peripheral neuritis. Ethambutol (myambutol), Pyrazinamide, Rifampin, Streptomycin

Penicillins (allergies. inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis). Cephalosporins (-Cef - cross sensitivity) Vancomycin (Vancocin). Tetracyclines (-cycline. discoloration & bone abnormalities contraindication for pregnancy & children). aminoglycosides - (KNOW nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity). Quinolones (-floxacin - for serious infection - cidal). Sulfonamids (-Sul - allergy - inhibit -static - UTI)

Heparin: monitor PTT. Antidote: Protamine Sulfate Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Warfarin Sodium (Coumadin): Monitor PT/INR. antidote (Vit K)

hemorrhage

Insulin, Sulfonylureas, Biguanides, Theazolidinediones, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors, meglitinides

Insulin binds to receptor sites o cells and allows glucose to enter the cell for energy

roll gently, rapid first only IV, monitor BS. always listen to pt. errors with this drug can cause death

hypoglycemia (know onset, peak and duration), ketoacidosis

Phenytoin (Dilantin - prototype). monitor therapeutic levels 10-20. must be given IV - only in NS and administered slowly

Aminocaproic Acid (Amicar)

Griseofulvin. Amphotericin B. Diflucan (Fluconazole). Nystatin

ASA, Dipyridamole (Persantine, Ticlopidine (Ticlid)

azine

Amantadine and Rimantadine (influenza A). Acyclovir (Zovirax) HSV. Cidofovir, Ganciclovir, Foscarnet, CMV

(antiepileptic) potentiates GABA. phenobarbital most frequently prescribed

lams and pam. Suppress CNS activity Clonazepam (Klonopin) also used as a MOOD STABILIZER

blocks the effects of SNS at beta receptor sites

monitor HR & BP, I&O, and weight

heart block, bradycardia, insomnia, dizziness, drowsiness, hypotension, and rash

Digoxin (Lanoxin). used for CHF (Congestive Heart Failure) and atrial fibrillation. positive inotrope, negative chronotrope

Digoxin Immune Fab (Digibind)

AP 60-100. nl level 0.5-2.0 mg/ml

Anorexia, N/V, visual disturbances, arrhythmias, bradycardia, dig. toxicity with hypokaemia

Binds to alpha 2 receptor sites and decreases outflow of the SNS from the brain (decreases BP) Clonidine (Catapres)

Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Anti-epileptics Mood Stabilizers, Antipsychotics

Identifying organisms and teh drugs that kill the bugs

drug distributed to site of action. protein binding. blood brain barrier

MOA: inhibit the reabsorption of Na and H2O. NU consideration: Monitor K

MRSA, VRE

anticoagulants, antiplatelets, antifibrinolytics, and thrombolytic drugs

are given by routes other than oral

drugs eliminated from body primarily by kidneys but also intestines, lungs, and mammary, sweat, and salivary glands (leaving the body). half-life: the time required for total amount of drug to decrease by 50%

Antacids, H2 Agonist (-tidine), Proton pump Inhibitors (-prazole), Antiflatulents, Anti-diarrheals, laxatives, Antiemetics

possible antidote for beta-blocker OD

binds to H2 receptor sties to decrease HCL acid production

are going to be smaller because they bypass FPE (100% bioavailability)

(-amide) - furosamide (Lasix) lose K

primarily liver. hepatic FPE. infants and elderly have a decreased ability to metabolized drugs

Morphine Sulfate, Meperidine (Demerol), Methadone

Nalaxone hydrochloride (Narcan)

Binds to opioid receptors to decrease pain perception. CNS: (Brainstem) controls respiratory rate

RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, N/V constipation! (know) sedation, confusion, euphoria, impaired coordination, urinary retention, pupil constriction

large FPE, teach to take one 1/4 grain tablet when chest pain occurs. Lie down and rest. Take 1 tab every 5 minutes up to 3 tab. Call 911 if no relief after first tab.

Nitroglycerin. SE - postural hypotension, HA, and tachycardia

Acetaminophen (Tylenol, APAP) non-narcotic analgesic. not an NSAID because of no anti-inflammatory properties. hepatotoxicity with acute OD (CP 450 metabolite problems). antidote for OD: acetylcysteine (Mucomyst - respiratory drug)

bacteria, fungi, or protozoa in the oropharynx, upper and lower intestine, lower GU tract, conjuctiv and skin. These microbial agents prevent pathogens from causing infection when normal flora are killed during broad spectrum antibiotic therapy (sensitive)

Tinnitus, GI bleeding, N/V (prostaglandins good in stomach. acid irritating to stomach)

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin, ASA - prototype) Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil). antiplatelet properties with daily dosing: 81-325mg. Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and thromboxane

Always assess respiratory rate before giving, assess pt pain perception, evaluate effectiveness of medication

what the drug does to the body (drug action)

What the body does to the drug

Spirolactone (Aldactone) keep K

Agonist: binds to receptor site & causes reaction Antagonist: binds to receptor and blocks the reaction that normally occurs Enzyme interactions. non specific interactions

Lidocaine (Xylocaine) SE: drowsiness, V-tach, heart block, HTN, bradycardia NU considerations: monitor pulse and BP

secondary infection caused from use of antibiotics in first infection?

HCTZ

Streptokinase (Streptase), Alteplase (Activase)