-
single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus
prokaryote
-
rod-shaped prokaryotes
bacilli
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spherica prokaryotes
cocci
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spiral and corkscrew shaped prokaryotes
spirilla
-
organism that must take in organic molecules for both energy and carbon
chemoheterotroph
-
organism that is hotosynthetic but needs organic compounds as a carbon source
photoheterotroph
-
organism that makes organic carbon molecules from carbon dioxide using energy from chemical reactions
chemoautotroph
-
organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to live
obligate aerobe
-
an organism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
obligate anaerobe
-
organism that can survive with or without oxygen
faculative anerobe
-
type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter alleles
binary fission
-
form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information
conjugation
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type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick, internal wall that enclpses its DNA and a portion of a cytoplasm
endospore
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converting nitrogeous gas into ammonia
nitrogen fixation
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particles of nucleic acid, protien and in some casees lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells
virus
-
protien coat of viruses
capsid
-
viruses that infect bacteria
bacteriophage
-
host cell is used and destroyed
lytic cycle
-
host cell makes copies of the virus indefinately
lysogenic cycle
-
viral DNA that is embedded in the host's DNA
prophage
-
viruses that contain RNA as their genetic information
retrovirus
-
disease causing agents
Pathogen
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preparation of weakened or killed pathogens
vaccine
-
compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria
antibiotics
-
single stranded RNA molecules that have no surrounding capsids
viroids
-
particles that contain no DNA or RNA
prions
-
any change, other than an injury, that disrupts the normal functions of the body
disease
-
disease-causing agents
pathogens
-
says that infectious diseases are caused my microoganisms of different types, usually called germs
germ theory of disease
-
series of guidelines used to identify the microoganism that causes a specific disease
Koch's postulates
-
animals that carry pathogens from person to person
vectors
-
compounds that kill bacterial without harming the cells of the human or animal hosts
antibiotics
-
Bacteria cause disease by....
releasing toxons or breaking down cells
-
Bacteria that break down dead organic matter...
make nutrients available to other organisms.
-
Which group includes some members that can carry out photosynthesis?
bacteria but not viruses
-
In any lysogenic infection, the viral DNA...
is inserted into the host DNA.
-
The life cycle of a lytic virus does NOT involve...
lysogenic infection
-
An acellular object that contains DNA or RNA and is protected by a protein coat is called a...
virus
-
Bacteria can be identified by the following characteristics EXCEPT
the presence of a nucleus.
-
Important differences between archaebacteria and eubacteria include all of the following EXCEPT
presence of capsid proteins
-
Bacteria play an important role in ecosystems as
producers and decomposers
-
What causes disease?
agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi; materials in the enviornment, and inheritance
-
How are infectious diseases transmitted?
from one person to another through coughing, sneezing or physical contace; through contaminated water or food, infected animals
-
Who discovered viruses? What did he discover?
Wendell Stanley, Tobacco Mosaic Virus
-
How are viruses classified?
- shape
- genome (genetic material)
- type of organism it infects
-
A bactripohage infects ________.
bacteria
-
An animal virus infects _______.
animals
-
A plant virus infects ______.
plants
-
virus attaches to host cell, injects its nucleic acid, destroys host DNA, makes copies of itself, breaks out of cell
Lytic Infection (Virulent)
-
virus injects its DNA, viral DNA is incorporated into the host DNA, viral DNA is replicated with the host DNA, can become lytic
Lysogenic Cycle (Latent)
-
Viruses are nonliving because....
they can't survive on their own; don't fit the criteria for life
-
A ___________ has a genome of RNA and therefore must change into DNA before it can infect anything.
retrovirus
-
changing of RNA to DNA
reverse transcriptase
-
A prophage is produced during the _________ cycle.
lysogenic
-
-
-
spherical shaped bacteria
coccus
-
rod shaped bacteria
Bacillus
-
herical shaped, spiral bacteria
Spirullum
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