Theory II

  1. What is believed to be the earliest implements devised for the care of teeth.
    toothpicks
  2. What has been considered the primitive tooth brush?
    chewstick made from various types of tasty woods, by crushing an end and spreading the fibers in a brush like mater
  3. What are the 3 types of tooth brushes?
    • manual
    • power
    • supplementary
  4. Describe 7 characteristics of an effective tooth brush
    • conforms to individual patient requirements in size, shape, and texture
    • easily and effeciently manipulated
    • readily cleaned and aerated; impervious to moisture
    • durable and inexpensive
    • flexible, soft, prime diameter of bristles or filaments, and of strength, rigidity and lightness of handle
    • end-rounded filaments
    • utility, efficiency, and cleanliness
  5. What are 6 factors that influence tooth brush selection for a patient?
    • patient - ability to used it and remove biofilm; manual dexterity; age and dentition
    • gingiva - status of health; anatomic configuration
    • position of teeth - crowded teeth, or open contacts
    • shape of teeth and exposed roots
    • compliance - pt preference; resistance to change; motivation, ability, or willingness to follow procedure
    • method selected
  6. do power tooth brushes mimick the motions of manual brushing?
    yes
  7. current power brushes move in speeds and motions that cannot be _______ ___ _________________
    duplicated by manual tooth brushes
  8. which is more effective, manual or power tooth brushes?
    power
  9. What are 3 purposes and indications for the general application of general application of power tooth brushes?
    • pts who have ineffective manual biofilm removal techniques
    • facilitate the mechanical removal of dental biofilm and food debris
    • reduce calculus and stain buildup
  10. What are 10 purposes and indications of power tooth brushes for special pts?
    • failed attempts at more traditional biofilm removal methods
    • orhto treatment
    • complex restorative and prosthodontic treatment
    • dental implants
    • aggressive brushers
    • disabilities or limited dexterity
    • larg handle
    • handle weight
    • pts unable to brush
    • used by parent or caregiver
  11. what are 4 different types of power tooth brush motion?
    • entire brush head moves as one unit
    • groups of tufts on the same brush head move differently
    • entire brush head moves as a unit but in different yet simultaneous motions
    • different shaped brush heads move separately
  12. power tooth brush speeds vary from low to high. generally, do power tooth brushes that have replaceable batteries, or rechargeable batteries go faster?
    rechargeable
  13. what are three types of power toothbrush head designs?
    • adult
    • child
    • interdental
  14. What are the filaments of power tooth brushes made of?
    soft, ende-rounded nylon
  15. What are 4 different power sources for power tooth brushes?
    • direct - connect to an outlet
    • replaceable batteries
    • rechargeable
    • disposable
  16. what are 4 uses of the toothbrush?
    • biofilm removal
    • application of treatment or preventive agents
    • halitosis control
    • sanitation of oral cavity
  17. In what type of gingival embrasure does the interdental papilla fill the gingival embrasure?
    Type I
  18. In what type of gingival embrasure is there slight to moderate recession of the interdental papilla?
    Type II
  19. In what type of gingival embrasure is there extensive recession or complete loss of papilla?
    Type III
  20. How many papillae are between adjacent posterior teeth?
    two, one facial and one lingual
  21. a depressed concave area that follows the shape of the apical border of the contact area and connects the papillae between adjacent posterior teeth
    col
  22. How many papilla are between anterior teeth in contact? What shape is it?
    • one
    • pyrimidal shape
  23. true or false. The tip of the papilla may form a small col under the contact area of anterior teeth.
    true
  24. The epithelium covering a col is usually thin and not ______________
    keratinized
  25. _____ epithelium is protected and is less resistant to infection than _________ surfaces
    • col
    • keratinized
  26. What conditions cause the col to become deeper?
    inflammation in the papilla leads to enlargement with increased inflammatory cells and edema
  27. The col area is inaccessible for ordinary __________; microorganisms are harbored in the __________ __________
    • toothbrushing
    • concave center
  28. Where does most gingival disease start?
    the col area
  29. The incidence of gingivitis is greatest where?
    interdental tissue
  30. What happens to the gingival attachment and the interdental papilla with bacterial infection?
    • loss of gingival attachment
    • interdental papillae reduced in height
  31. concavities and grooves are predisposed to what?
    bacterial accumulations
  32. With advanced periodontitis furcation areas of what teeth open onto the proximal surfaces?
    • maxillary first premolars
    • maxillary molars
  33. In planning interdental care, what are 4 factors of pt assessment to observe?
    • history of personal oral care: type of toothbrush, floss, etc. frequency and time spent; pt's priorities on personal oral care
    • Dental and gingival anatomy: position of teeth; types and shapes of embrasures; probing depths; prostheses; areas where toothbrush can't reach
    • extent and location of biofilm
    • personal factors: handicap or disabled; knowledge and appreciation for dental care
  34. In planning dental care what are 2 factors about the dental hygiene care plan?
    • objectives: interdental aids; teach pt. correct system; motivate pt to accept responsibility for interdental care
    • Initial care plan: first choose simple procedure; minimum frequency (2-3 times per week); keep it realistic; as values the pt places on interdental care increase, more refined programs can be introduced
  35. What are 5 types of floss used?
    • waxed
    • unwaxed
    • silk
    • nylon
    • expanded PTFE (glide)
  36. historically floss was made of ______ fibers lossely twisted together to form a strand and waxed for proximal surface cleaning
    silk
  37. __________ multifilaments, waxed or unwaxed, have been widely used in circular (floss) or flat (tape) form for biofilm removal from proximal tooth surface
    nylon
  38. plastic monofilament polytetrafluorothylene with wax is used for proximal tooth surface biofilm removal
    expanded PTFE
  39. What type of floss has a smooth surface that helps to prevent trauma to soft tissue, ans slides through contact area with ease? What material provides the smooth surface?
    • waxed or expanded PTFE
    • the wax
  40. What type of floss resists breakage or shredding when passed over irregular tooth surface, restoration, or calculus deposit?
    monofilament waxed or expanded PTFE
  41. What gives strength and durability during floss application, and shredding or breakage of floss is rare?
    wax
  42. the following features describe what kind of floss?
    thinner floss may be helpful when contacts are tight, but forcing it might break it
    pressure against a tooth surface spreads nylon fibers and gives a wider surface for biofilm removal
    sharper thin edge requires special attention to prevent injury to the gingival tissue when guiding floss through a tight contact area or when moving floss on the tooth surface in an apical direction
    hear a squeaking sound
    unwaxed floss frays
    if floss is tightly wrapped around fingers it can cause discomfort
    unwaxed floss
  43. When is it best to floss?
    before brushing
  44. What are 8 helpful tips in the flossing procedure?
    • 12-25" piece of floss with 1/2 inch used inbetween teeth at a time
    • wrap floss around middle fingers
    • use a fulcrum
    • use C-shape
    • make sure to press floss gently below the gingiva
    • make sure to get the distal surface of the last tooth
    • advance to an unused portion of floss between each tooth
    • double the floss if needed
  45. What are 2 areas that you need to take extra precaution in flossing
    • col - it is not keratinized, and you can damage it by flossing too hard
    • newly erupting teeth - have a week junctional epithelium attachment
  46. What are 4 things to do to prevent floss cuts and clefts?
    • make sure you don't use too long a piece when going interdentally
    • avoid snapping the floss down into area
    • use a complete "c" shape
    • fulcrum
  47. What 5 alternate flosses?
    • floss holder
    • floss threader
    • tufted dental floss
    • knitting yarn
    • gauze strip
  48. type of floss that is also called a floss/yarn combination and there are two variations of this type of floss available
    tufted dental floss
  49. What are the two different types of tufted floss?
    • super floss - single, precut lengths
    • NUfloss - roll, alternates with plain floss and tufted portions
  50. What type of floss is good for biofilm removal of tooth surfaces with wide embrasures where the interdental papilla have been lost, or for mesial and distal abutments, under pontics, or orthodontic appliances?
    tufted dental floss
  51. What are some reasons to used knitting yarn for floss?
    • wide proximal spaces
    • abutments, partial dentures, and pontics
    • for isolated teeth
  52. What are some reasons to use a gauze strip for floss?
    • widely spaced teeth
    • teeth surfaces next to edentulous areas
    • distal and mesial surfaces of abutment teeth
    • areas under posterior cantilevered section of a fixed appliance
  53. What are 5 types of interdental brushes that might be affective to use?
    • proxabrush
    • end-tuft brush
    • interdental tip
    • toothpick in holder
    • woodent interdental cleaner
Author
sthomp88
ID
66340
Card Set
Theory II
Description
module two
Updated