-
Fair game for exam:
- Synergist, antagonist.
- Planes, axis, translation.
- 40% from lab:
- -inclinometry.
- -goniomentry: axis of rotation.
- -muscle testing: action, innervation, testing.
-
Which mover is primarily responsible for generating a specific movement?
-
Which mover performs, or assitst in performing the same set of joint motion as the agonist?
- Synergist.
- (Secondary mover).
-
Which mover is responsible for returning a limb to its initial position?
- Antagonist.
- (Tertiary mover).
-
Rotator Cuff Muscles:
- Supraspinatus: abduction (suprascapular N).
- Infraspinatus: external rotation (suprascapular N).
- Teres minor: external rotation (axillary N).
- Subscapularis: internal rotation (upper/lower subscapularis N's).
- Action cheer: AB-EX-EX-IN
- Nerve cheer: Supra-Supra-Ax-Up/Lo.
-
Which two movers take a joint through it's full ROM?
Primary & secondary.
-
Example: Shoulder ABduction.
Primary: ?
Secondary: ?
Tertiary: ?
- Primary: supraspinatus (abducts).
- Secondary: middle deltoid (abducts).
- Tertiary: latissimus dorsi (adducts).
-
Example: Ankle Dorsiflexion.
Primary: ?
Secondary: ?
Tertiary: ?
- Primary: TA (dorsiflexes).
- Secondary: EHL (dorsiflexes).
- Tertiary: Gastroc (plantar flexes).
-
Contraindications for muscle testing:
- 1. Fracture.
- 2. Dislocation.
- 3. Severe joint instability (chronic ankle sprain/strain).
- 4. Patient <5 yo.
- 5. Resistance to motion would be over a wound (surgical suture).
-
Cautions for muscle testing:
- 1. Patient has osteoporosis.
- 2. Patient has metastatic disease.
-
True or false: muscle testing is always done at the beginning of the ROM.
- False: always test 1/2 way through ROM.
- -Never stabilize on a muscle belly.
- -Never stabilize on a joint.
- -Always test bilaterally.
- -Hold the test for 3-5 seconds.
-
True or false: when testing a muscle you should contact the muscle tendon proximal to it's insertion.
False: contact distal to insertion.
-
Which muscle grade exhibits sufficient contraction to move the joint through the full ROM against gravity, but NOT against resistance?
- Grade 3.
- Grade 4: sufficient contraction to move the joint through the full ROM against full gravity & slight resistance.
- Grade 5: (normal) sufficient contraction to move the joint through full ROM against gravity & full resistance.
-
Which muscle grade exhibits sufficient contraction to move the joint through the full ROM, but not against gravity?
- Grade 2.
- Grade 1: slight muscle contraction but no movement.
- Grade 0: no detectable muscle contraction or joint movement.
-
What is the a/k/a for the Sagittal plane? How does it divide the body?
- Sagittal plane: median plane.
- Divides the body into right & left.
-
What is the a/k/a for the coronal plane? How does it divide the body?
- Coronal plane: frontal plane.
- Divides the body into anterior & posterior.
-
What is the a/k/a for the horizontal plane? How does it divide the body?
- Horizontal plane: transverse plane.
- Divides the body into superior & inferior (cephalic & caudal respectively).
-
Planes --> axis:
axis: how the rotation occurs.
- Sagittal (median) plane --> coronal (bilateral) axis.
- Coronal (frontal) plane --> sagittal (A-P) axis.
- Horizontal (transverse) plane --> VLP (Vertical Longitudinal Polar).
-
Where is the center of gravity located within the body?
- Where all three cardinal planes intersect, slightly anterior to the 1st or 2nd sacral tubercle.
- Pt1NB Bonus: eyes are OPEN in anatomical position.
-
True or false: goniometers are combination move instruments because it's triaxial.
FALSE! Goniometers are pure motion instruments because they are uniaxial.
-
What is the term used to describe the end of passive ROM?
- End Feel.
- Hard: bone contacting bone (elbow extension).
- Firm: muscle, capsule, or ligamentous stretch (finger extension, hip flexion with the knee straight).
- Soft: soft tissue approximation (flexion of the knee).
-
What does abnormal soft end feel indicate?
- Soft tissue edema (it feels boggy).
- End occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is normal, or in a joint where you would expect firm or hard end feel.
- Abnormal firm: shortening of capsule, ligament or muscle.
- Abnormal hard: loose bodies in a joint, fracture.
- Empty: acute joint inflammation, fracture, or abscess.
-
What is the plane for external & internal rotation of glenohumeral joint? the axis?
- Glenohumeral internal & external rotation:
- Transverse (horizontal) plane.
- VLP axis.
*The axis is always perpendicular to the plane.*
-
What is the plane & axis for hip external & internal rotation?
Sagittal plane, coronal axis.
-
Where is your reference point for scapular special movements?
- The inferior border.
- Upward rotation: inferior angle moves superior & lateral (ex. shoulder abduction).
- Downward rotation: inferior angle moves inferiorly & medial.
- Protraction: scapula moves anterior & lateral.
- Retraction: scapula moves posterior & medial.
-
Where is the reference point for the figures? And the toes?
- Fingers: digit 3.
- -Radiad: deviation towards the radius.
- -Ulnad: deviation towards the ulna.
- Toes: digit 2.
-
Name an example of angular motion:
- Bicycle wheel in motion.
- Car tires in motion.
- Gymnast on high bars.
-
How many degrees of freedom are possible in a joint?
6.
-
What is the plane & axis for pronation/supination of the forearm?
- Transverse (horizontal) plane.
- VLP axis.
-
What is the plane, axis, & coordinate for shoulder abduction & adduction?
- Plane: coronal (frontal).
- Axis: sagittal (AP).
- Coordinate: Z.
(Axis & coordinate are the same).
-
NERVE ROOT EVALUATION REVIEW:
- Yes, neurological pin wheels make great bath toys.
-
C5 "Strong Man"
- Disc level: C4.
- 1. FA Flexion: biceps, MCN.
- 2. Shoulder ABduction: deltoids, axillary N.
- Reflex: biceps.
-
C6 "Biker Chicks"
- Disc level: C5.
- 1. Wrist extension: ECRL & B, ECU, radial N.
- Reflex: brachioradialis.
-
C7 "Egyptian"
(or "Elbow extension, wrist flexion, finger extension looks like a 7")
- Disc level: C6.
- 1. Elbow extension: triceps, radial N.
- 2. Wrist flexion: FCR, FCU, median & ulnar N.
- 3. Finger extension: extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis profundus, EDM, Radial N.
- Reflex: triceps.
-
C8 "Finger Flexion"
- Disc level: C7.
- 1. Finger flexion: FDS, FDP, lumbricals, median & ulnar N.
- Reflex: NONE.
-
T1 "Finger Fun"
- Disc level: T1.
- 1. Finger ABduction: dorsal interossei, ulnar N.
- 2. Finger adduction: palmar interossei, ulnar N.
- Reflex: NONE.
Mneumonic: PAD & DAB to remember which does which!
-
L4 "Dorsiflex & Invertor makes a 4"
- Disc: L3.
- 1. Foot dorsiflexion & inversion (up & in): TA- DPN.
- Reflex: patella.
-
L5 "Toe jive, heel jive, abduct the thigh"
- Disc level: L4.
- 1. Foot dorsiflexion (up): TA, EHL, EDL- DPN.
- 2. Big toe dorsiflexion: EHL- DPN.
- 3. Toe dorsiflexion: EDL & B- DPN.
- 4. Hip/pelvis ABduction: G max & min, Superior Gluteal N.
- Reflex: NONE.
-
S1 (yeah, this one's just weird, sorry!)
- Disc level: L5.
- 1. Foot plantar flexion: gastric & soleus, Tibial N.
- 2. Foot plantar flexion & eversion (down & out): superficial peroneal N.
- 3. Hip extension: glute max, inf gluteal N.
- Reflex: achilles.
-
Which nerve roots do not have an associated reflex?
C8, T1, & L5.
-
MISC INFO.
- Tim Sylvia!
-
Piriformis:
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation...
- Origin: sacral pelvic surface.
- Insertion: greater trochanter.
- Action: thigh external rotation.
- Innervation: sacral plexus.
-
Psoas Major:
- Origin: Lumbar bodies, discs, TP's.
- Insertion: Lesser trochanter.
- Action: thigh flexion.
- Innervation: Lumbar plexus.
|
|
