Botany Exam 1

• Carbs
• Lipids
• Nuceic Acids
• Protiens

• Alkaloids - Drugs
• Terpenoids - Oils, Waxes, Poisens, Latex
• Phenolics - Flavinoids, and colors

• (Middle Lamella, Primary Wall, Secondary Wall, Plasmodemata ,Pits)
• 

• Nuclear Encelope, Nucleoplasm, Chromatin, Nucleous
• 

• Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, Plastids, mitochondria, peroxisomes, vacuoles, s.e.r, r.e.r, golgi body, vesicles, microtubules, filaments, ribosomes, oil bodies
• 

• An organelle that can replicate on its own
• Contains single copy of DNA
• Reproduce by fission
• Contain Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, Leukoplasts, Amyoplasts
• Derived from Proplastids

Etioplasts are chloroplasts that have not been exposed to light. They are usually found in flowering plants (Angiosperms) grown in the dark. If a plant is kept out of light for several days, its normal chloroplasts will actually convert into etioplasts. Etioplasts lack active pigment and can technically be considered leucoplasts. High concentrations of etioplasts will cause leaves to appear yellow rather than green.

Thylakoid

Organelle in the cytoplasm that converts light energy into food (photosynthesis)

• Organelle in the cytoplasm that contains oil bodies, and pigments (yellow, oj, red)
• Can develop from old chloroplasts

• Organelle in the cytoplasm that lacks pigments
• Appears "amoeboid" in epidermal layer
• Also synthesizes/stores starch.
• Can turn into Amyloplasts, Elaioplasts, and Protienoplasts

• Organelle in the cytoplasm that stores starch
• Appears clear unless dyed with Iodine.

• They are an organelle that is closely associated with mitochondria and chloroplats
• A form of respiration that doesnt work well
• Photorespiration
• They break down long FA chains

• May contain Druess or Raphides
• Bound by a Tonoplast membrane

• Does not include Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
• Includes Nuclear Envelope, ER (SER & RER), Golgi Apparatus, Vacuoles, Lysosomes, Vesicles
• 

• Outer Membrane
• Inner Membrane

• Heterochromatin
• Euchromatin

Packages protiens to ship them to the golgi apparatus

• Location for ribosomes to produce protiens
• Helps the newly formed protiens adjust to their correct 3D shape
• Decides where to ship the new protiens to

• Futher modifies new protiens and prepares them for shipment to other locations in the cell or to be excreted.
• Modifies, Sorts, and pakages protiens and lipids

• Cellulose - Rods
• Hemicellulose - Threads
• Pectins - Glue
• Glycoprotiens - ID protiens
• Lignin - Strength
• Cutin & Subirn & Waxes - Protective Coating

Location in the cell wall that is thin enough for easy cell communication and shareing of water and minerals