Unit 4 IDs

The symbol of the Republican political tactic of attacking Democrats with reminders of the Civil War

Corrupt construction company whose bribes and payoffs to congressmen and others created a major Grant administration scandal

Short-lived thrid party of 1872 that attempted to curp Grant administration corruption

Mark Twain's sarcastic name for the post-Civil War era, which emphasized its atmosphere of greed and corruption

Civil War Union veterans' organization that became a potent political bulwark of the republican party in the late nineteenth century

Republican party faction led by Senator Rscoe Conkling that opposed all attempts at civil-service reform

Republican party faction led my Senator James G. Blaine that paid lip service to government reform while still battling for patronage and spoils

The complex political agreement between Republicans and Democrats that resolved the bitterly disputed election of 1876

Sky-high Republican tariff of 1890 that caused widespread anger among farmers in the Midwest and the South

Insurgent political party that gained widespread support among farmers in the 1890s

Great military leader whose presidency foundered in corruption and political ineptitude

Bold and unprincipled financier whose plot to corner the U.S. gold market nearly succeeded in 1869

Colorful, eccentric newspaper editor who carried the Liberal Republican and Democratic banners against Grant in 1872

Wealthy New York financier whose bank collapse in 1873 set off an economic depression

Imperious New York senator and leader of the "Stalwart" faction of Republicans

Charming but corrupt "Half-breed" Republican senator and presidential nominee in 1884

Winner of the contested 1876 election who presided over the end of Reconstruction and a sharp economic downturn

President whose assassination after only a few months in office spurred the passage of a civil-service law

First Democratic president since the Civil War; defender of laissez-faire economics and low tariffs

Eloquent young Congressman from Nebraska who became the most prominent advocate of "free silver" in the early 1890's

Enormously wealthy banker whose secret bailout of the federal government in 1895 aroused fierce public anger

Federally owned acreage granted to the railroad companies in order to encourage the building of rail lines

The original transcontinental railroad, commissioned by Congress, which built its rail line west from Omaha

The California-based railroad company, headed by Leland Stanford,that employed Chinese laboreres in building lines across the mountains

Dishonest device by which railroad promoters artificially inflated the price of their stocks and bonds

Supreme Court case of 1886 that prevented states from regulating railroads or other forms of interstate commerce

Federal regulatory agency often used by rail companies to stabilize the industry and prevent ruinous competition

Term that identified southern promoters' belief in a technologically advanced industrial South

The conservative labor group that successfully organized a minority of American workers but left others out

Former Calfiornia governor and organizer of the Central Pacific Railroad

Public-spirited railroad builder who assisted farmers in the northern areas served by his rail lines

Aggressive energy-industry monopolist who used tough means to build a trust based on "horizontal integration"

Aggressive eastern railroad builder and consolidator who scorned the law as an obstacle to his enterprise

Former teacher of the deaf whose invention created an entire new industry

Inventive genius of industrialization who worked on devices such as the electric light, the phonograph, and the motion picture

Scottish immigrant who organzied a vast new industry on the principle of "vertical integration"

Eloquent leader of a secretive labor organization that made substantial gains in the 1880s before it suddenly collapsed

Illinois governor who pardoned the Haymarket anarchists

Term for the post-1880 newcomers who came to America primarily from southern and eastern Europe

The religious doctrines preached by those who believed the churches should directly address economics and social problems

Settlement house in the Chicago slums that became a model for women's involvement in urban social reform

Nativist organization that attacked "New Immigrants" and Roman Catholicism in the 1880s and the 1890s

Organization founded by W.E.B. Du Bois and others to advance black social and economic equality

Henry George's best-selling book that advocated social reform through the imposition of a "single tax" on land

Federal law promoted by a self-appointed morality crusader and used to prosecute moral and sexual dissidents

Women's organization founded by reformer Frances Willard and others to oppose alcohol consumption

Leading social reformer who lived with the poor in the slums and pioneered new forms of activism for women

Popular evangelical preacher who brought the tradition of old-time revivalism to the industrial city

Former slave who promoted industrial education and economic opportunity but not social equality for blacks

Harvard-educated scholar and advocate of full black social and economic equality through the leadership of a "talented tenth"

Harvard scholar who made original contributions to modern psychology and philosophy

Controverisal reformer whose book Progress and Poverty advocated solving problems of economic inequality by a tax on land

Midwestern-born writer and lecturer who created a new style of American literature based on social realism and humor

Radical feminist propagandist whose eloquent attacks on conventional social morality shocked many Americans in the 1870s

Well-connected and socially prominent historian who feared modern trends and sought relief in the beauty and culture of the past

Southwestern Indian trible led by Geronimo that carried out some of the last fighting against white conquest

Indian religious movement, originating out of the sacred Sun Dance that the federal government attempted to stamp out in 1890

Federal law that attempted to dissolve tribal landholding and establish Indians as individual farmers

Huge silver and gold deposit that brought wealth and statehood to Nevada

General term for the herding of cattle from the grassy plains to the railroad terminals of Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming

Federal law that offered generous land opportunities to poorer farmers but also provided the unscrupulous with opportunities for hoaxes and fraud

Bitter labor conflict in Chicago that brought gederal intervention and the jailing of union leader Eugene V. Debs

Spectacular convention speech by a young pro-silver advocate that brought him the Democratic presidential nomination in 1896

Popular term for those who favored the "status quo" in mental money and opposed the pro-silver Bryanites in 1896

Site of major U.S. Army defeat in the Sioux War of 1876-1877

Leader of the Sioux during wars of 1876-1877

Leader of the Nez Perce tribe who conducted a brilliant but unsuccessful military campaign in 1877

Leader of the Apaches of Arizona in their warfare with the whites

Massachusetts writer whose books aroused sympathy for the plight of the Native Americans

Author of the popular pro-silver pamphlet "Coin's Financial School"

Railway union leader who converted to socialism while serving jail time during the Pullman strike

Former Civil War general and Granger who ran as the Greenback Labor party candidate for president in 1880

Eloquent Kansas Populist who urged farmers to "raise less corn and more hell"

Ohio industrialist and organizer of McKinley's victory over Bryan in the election of 1896

American battleship sent on a "friendly" visit to Cuba that ended in disaster and war

John Hay's clever diplomatic efforts to preserve Chinese territorial integrity and maintain American access to China

Antiforeign Chinese revolt of 1900 that brought military intervention by Western troops, including Americans

Diplomatic agreement of 1901 that permitted the United States to build and fortify a Central American canal alone, without British involvement

Questionable extension of a traditional American policy; declared an American right to intervene in Latid American nations under certain circumstances

Diplomatic understanding of 1907-1908 that ended a Japanese American crisis over treatment of Jamapense immigrantsto the U.S.

American naval officer who wrote influential books emphasizing sea power and advocating a big navy

Filipino leader of a guerilla war against American rule from 1899-1901

Spanish general whose brutal tactics against Cuban rebels outraged American public opinion

Naval commander whose spectacular May Day victory in 1898 opened the doors to American imperialsim in Asia

Imperialist advocate, aggressive assistant navy secretary, Rough Riders

Americal secretary of state who attempted to preserve Chinese independence and protect American interests in China

Scheming French engineer who helped stage a revolution in Panama and then became the new country's "instant" foreign minister

Popular journalists who used publicity to expose corruption and attack abuses of power in business and government

Progressive proposal to allow voters to bypass state legislatures and propose legislation themselves

Progressive device that would enable voters to remove corrupt or ineffective officials from office

Effective railroad-regulation law of 1906 that greatly strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission

Disastrous industrial fire of 1911 that spurred workmen's compensation laws and some state regulation of wages and hours in New York

Upton Sinclair's novel that inspired proconsumer federal laws regulating meant, food, and drugs

Generally unsuccessful Taft foreign policy in which government attempted to encourage overseas business ventures

Eccentric economist who criticized the wealthy for "comspicuous consumption" and failure to serve real human needs

Early muckrakers who exposed the political corruption in many American cities

Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented the standard Oil Company's abuse of power

Progressive law aimed at curbing practices like those exposed in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle

The most influential of the state-level progressive governors and a presidential aspirant in 1912

Case that upheld protective legislation on the grounds of women's supposed physical weakness

Politically inept inhibitor of the Roosevelt legacy who ended up allied with the reactionary Republican "Old Guard"

Supreme court ruling that overturned a progressive law mandating a ten-hour workday

Proconservation federal official whose dismissal by Taft angered Roosevelt progressives

Wilson's political philosophy of restoring democracy through trust-busting and economic competition

New presidentially appointed regulatory commission designed to prevent monopoly and guard against unethical trade practices

Term for the three Latin American nations whose mediation prevented war between the United States and Mexico in 1914

World War I alliance headed by Germany and Austria-Hungary

The coalition of powers-led by Britain, France, and Russia-that opposed Germany and its partners in World War I

Southern-born intellectual who pursued strong moral goals in politics and the presidency

Mexican revolutionary whose bloody regime Wilson refused to recognize and nearly ended up fighting

Second revoltuionary Mexican president, who took aid from the United States but strongly resisted American military intervention in his country

Mexican revolutionary whose assaults on American citizens and territory provoked a U.S. expedition into Mexico

Commander of the American military expedition into Mexico in 1916-1917

Autocratic ruler who symbolized ruthlessness and arrogance to many pro-Allied Americans

Narrowly unsuccessful presidential candidate who tried to straddle both sides of the fence regarding American policy toward Germany