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bureaucracy
a form of organization that operates through impersoanl, uniform rules and procedures
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bureaucrat
a career government employee
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department
usually the largest organization in the government; also the highest rank in federal hierarchy
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independent agency
a government entity that is independent of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches
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independent regulatory commission
a government agency or commission with regulatory power whose independence is protected by Congress
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government corporation
a government agency that operates like a business corporation, created to secure greater freedom of action and flexibility for a particular program
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Senior Executive Service
established by Congress in 1978 as a flexible, mobile corps of senior career executives who work closely with presidential appointees to manage government
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spoils system
a system of awarding public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends
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merit system
a system of public employment in which selection and promotion depend on demonstrated performance rather than political patronage
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Office of Personnel Management
agency that administers civil service laws, rules, and regulations
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Hatch Act
federal statue barring federal employees from active participation in certain kids of politics an protecting them fom being fired on partisan grounds
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implementation
process of putting a law into practice through bureaucratic rules or spending
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administrative discretion
authority given by Congress to the federal bureaucracy to use reasonable judgment in implementing the laws
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regulations
the formal instructions that government issues for implementing laws
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rule-making process
the formal process for making regulations
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uncontrollable spending
the portion of the federal budget that is spend on programs, such as Social Security, that the president and Congress are unwilling to cut
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entitlement program
programs such as unemployment insurance, disaster relief, or disability payments, that provide benefits to all eligible citizens
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indexing
providing automatic increases to compensate for inflation
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oversight
legislative or executive review of a particular government program or organization; can be in response to a crisis of some kind or part of a routine review
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central clearance
review of all executive branch testimony, reports, and draft legislation by the Office of Management and Budgent to ensure that each communication to Congress is in accordance with the President's program
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