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The four routes of possible CHEMICAL exposure are:
- 1) Inhalation of powder, vapor or gas
- 2) Ingestion by mouth
- 3) Puncturing / injection thru skin
- 4) Absorbing thru skin
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Thinner skin results in _____ rates of absorption.
higher
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Six Warning Signs of Chemical Exposure
- Breathing difficulties – faster, deeper, soreness or a lump in the throat feeling.
- Dizziness, drowsiness, disorientation or difficulty concentrating.
- Burning sensation, redness or soreness in the eyes or on the skin.
- Weakness, fatigue or lack of energy.
- Chills or upset stomach.
- Odors or a strange (metallic) taste in your mouth.
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What does MSDS stand for?
Material Safety Data Sheet
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What does the MSDS do?
THE MSDS TELLS YOU EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW IN ORDER TO WORK SAFELY WITH A CHEMICAL.
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Name 4 chemical categories.
- Ignitability
- Reactivity
- Toxicity
- Corrosivity
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What are 2 categories of Ignitablity?
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What are 3 categories of Reacitivty?
- Explosive
- Oxidative
- Water reactive
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What are 3 categories of Toxicity?
- Acute (poisons)
- Chronic/Cumulative
- Non-toxic but with health effects in concentration
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What are 2 categories of corrosivity?
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What makes up the Fire Triangle?
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Name 4 Chemical Compatibility Rules
- Separate acidic chemicals from basic chemicals according to pH
- Separate oxidizers from organic chemicals & inorganic reducing agents
- Separate water reactive chemicals from aqueous solutions
- Separate chemicals with multiple hazards from all incompatible chemicals
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Name 5 general chemical reactions.
- Corrosives + Flammables => Explosion / Fire
- Corrosives + Poisons ===> Poison Gas
- Flammables + Oxidizers ==> Explosion / Fire
- Strong acids + Strong Bases ===> Heat / Salts
- Water reactives + Water ===> Toxic or Flammable Gas
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Hazardous wastes are ...
used, spent or expired chemicals which fall under the chemical categories of being flammable, reactive, toxic or corrosive.
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Usually, __________ causes chemical accidents. Estimated ____% of all lab accidents involving chemicals is due to mixing & mishandling of waste. Why?
- human error
- 85-90
- Chemical compatibility and/or segregation is not adhered to.
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Name two important pieces of information on a hazardous waste label.
- Accumulation start date
- SPECIFIC CHEMICAL NAME(s), CONCENTRATION OR AMOUNT, APPROXIMATE PERCENT
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Name a few appropriate acronyms for a chemical label.
SDS, EDTA, Tris, PBS
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Define a pathogen
An agent that is capable of causing disease
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Draw the chain of infection
- 1) Carrier/reservoir (quarantine)
- 2) Portal of exit (mask)
- 3) Mode of transmission (wash hands)
- 4) Susceptible host (vaccination)
- 5) Portal of entry (mask)
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Indirect portal of entry is at least ___ feet from portal of exit.
6
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What is a fomite?
Inanimate object capable of harboring disease.
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What are 5 biological modes of transmission?
- Ingestion
- Inhalation
- Contact
- Trauma
- Vector borne
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What are the 5 F's?
- Fingers
- Food
- Flies
- Feces
- Fomites
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What are three types of arthropod-borne infections and zoonoses?
- Vector (biting arthropod), e.g. malaria
- Vertebrate reservoir, e.g. rabies
- Vector (vertebrate), e.g. Black Plague
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Name 5 "Other Hazards"
- Electrical
- Liquid nitrogen
- Radioactive material
- UV radiation
- Centrifuges
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Gel Electrophoresis unit uses how many amps?
23
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What basic PPEs are required for handling liquid nitrogen?
- Lab coat
- Face shield
- Cryogenic gloves
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What is a big safety concern regarding centrifuges?
Balance
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What tool for looking at gels uses UV radiation?
Transilluminators
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