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Hyoid bone
a delicate bone in the neck that anchors the tongue muscles in the throat
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Endocast
A copy or cast of the inside of a skull, reflecting the general shape and arrangement of the brain and its various parts
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Lateralization
The division of the human brain into two halves
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Mitochondrial dna
Genetic material in the mitochondria of human cells that mutates at a relatively constant rate
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Ancient DNA
Genetic material preserved in archaeological remains of bones and plants that can be studied for ingormation about past genetic relationships
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Brow Ridge
That part of the skull above the eye orbits
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Occipital bun
a distinctive shelf or protrusion at the base of a skull; a feature usually associated with neanderthals.
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Robust
"Big-boned" heavy thick-walled skeletal tissue. Robust early homonins had very large teeth
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Mousterian
A term describing the stone tool assemblages of the neanderthals during the middle paleolithic, named after the site of Le Moustier in France
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Levallois
A technique for manufacturing large thin flakes or points from a carefully prepared core.
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blade
A special kind of elongated flake with two parallel sides and a length at least twice the width of the piece
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Blank
A basic form or preform form which various kinds of tools can be shaped
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loess
Wind-Blown silt deposited in deep layers in certain parts of the Northern Hemisphere
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Solifluction
A phenomenon in which freezing and thawing of the ground results in slippage of the surface
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Red Ochre
An iron mineral that occurs in nature, used by prehistoric peoples in powered form as a pigment for tanning animal skins
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Mural Art
Painting, engraving, and sculpting on the walls shelters and cliffs
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Portable Art
Decorated materials that can be moved or carried
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Paleoindian
The period of large-game hunters in North America at the end of the Pleistocene
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Fluted Point
The charastic artifact of the Paleoindian period in North America. The flute refers to a large channel flake removed from both sides of the base of the point to facilitate hafting.
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Clovis
An archaeological culture during the Paleoindian period in North America, defined by a distingtive type of fluted point.
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Folsom
An archaeological culture during the Paleoindian period in North America defined by a distinctive type of fluted point and found primarily in the Great plains
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