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Anthropology
The study of the human species and its immediate ancestors
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Encompassing past, present, and future; biology, society, language and culture
Holistic
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Traditions and customs transmitted through learning
Culture
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Food production
An economy based on plant cultivation and/or animal domestication
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Anthropology as a whole
General Anthropology
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Biocultural
Combining biological and cultural approaches to a given problem
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The comparative, cross-cultural study of human society and culture
Cultural Anthropology
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Ethnography
Fieldwork in a particular cultural setting
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Archaeological Anthropology
The study of human behavior through material remains
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The study of sociocultural differences and similarities
Ethnology
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The study of human biological variation in time and space
Biological Anthropology
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Linguistic Anthropology
The study of language and linguistic diversity in time, space, and society
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Sociolinguistics
The study of language in society
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Using anthropology to solve contemporary problems
Applied Anthropology
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Enculturation
The process in which culture is learned and transmitted across generations
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Member of hominid family; any fossil or living human, chimp, or gorilla
Hominid
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Hominids excluding the African apes; all the human species that have ever existed
Hominins
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Different cultural traditions associated with subgroups in the same nation
Subcultures
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Ethnocentrism
Judging other cultures using one's own cultural standards
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Acculturation
An exchange of cultural features between groups in firsthand context
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Measurement of human body parts and dimensions
Anthropometry
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Fossils
Remains of ancient life
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Absolute Dating
Dates for archaeological materials based on solar years, centuries, or other measures of absolute time
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Designating an event, object, or fossil as being older or younger than another
Relative Dating
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What are the 4 subdisciplines of Anthropology?
- Biological Anthropology
- Cultural Anthropology
- Linguistic Anthropology
- Archaeology
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How do we find archaeological sites?
- Survey
- Shovel testing
- Written records
- Local informants
- Aerial photos
- Satellite images
- Accident
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Seriation
Senquencing cultural remains into chronological based on stylistic features
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Change in living organisms over time
Evolution
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Charles Darwin
- 1859 - On The Origin of Species
- Theory of natural selection
- Evolution
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Similarities that arise from a similar selective adaptive force
Analogy
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Homology
Similarities jointly inherited from a common ancestor
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Georges Cuvier
Catastrophism
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Charles Lyell
- Uniformitarianism
- the natural process that shaped the world today, were the same that shaped the world in the past
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What are the 3 subfields of genetic investigation?
- Mendelian Genetics
- Biochemical Genetics
- Population Genetics
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Neurological Diseases
- Color blindness
- Down syndrome
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Hypertension
Circulatory disease
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Mental Health Diseases
- Depression
- Schizophrenia
- Bipolar disorder
- Addiction
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Who discovered heredity is determined by discrete particles or units?
Gregor Mendel
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Characteristics of primates
- Big brain
- Heavy reliance on eyesight
- Generalized teeth
- Grasping hands and feet
- Flexible shoulder and joint structure
- One infant with a long gestation and childhood
- Greater dependence on learning
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An ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis
Race
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Identification with and feeling part of an ethnic group and exclusion from certain other groups because of their affiliation
Ethnicity
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Bipedal
Two-footed; upright locomotion
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Prosimians
The primate suborder that includes lemurs, lorises and tarsiers
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Marked differences in male and female anatomy and temperament
Sexual dimorphism
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Brachiation
Under the branch swinging
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What are the major groups of primates?
- Humans
- Apes
- Monkeys
- Prosimians
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Characteristics of Apes
- No tails
- Have shoulders designed to brachiate
- More intelligent and socially complex
- Highly endangered
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