Chapter 10

the conversion process in which chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy stored in sugar and other organic molecules

"self-feeders"/producers; they sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other living beings; produce organic molecules from CO₂ and other inorganic raw materials; ex: plants (photoautotrophs)

consumers; unable to make their own food, they live on compounds produced by other organisms; dependent on photoautotrophs for food and oxygen

cause of the green color in a leaf; the green pigment located wihtin chloroplasts

the tissue interior of the leaf; where chloroplasts are mainly found; a typica cell has from 30-40 chloroplasts

microscopic pores through which carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits the leaf

dense fluid within the chloroplast; enclosed by an envelope of two membranes; light-independent

system of interconnected membranous sacs that seperates the stroma from the interior of the thylakoids (aka the thylakoid space); grana are stacks of thylakoid sacs

WATER (H₂O) and NOT carbon dioxide (CO₂)

the usage of chemiosmosis to create ATP with the addition of a phosphate group to ADP

the incorporation of CO₂ from the air into organic molecules already present in the chloroplast

• 1) thylakoids of the chloroplast
• 2) stroma

the entire range of radiation

segment most important to life is 380-750nm in wavelength, can be detedted as varius colors by the human eye

discrete particles that make up light; each has a fixed quantity of energy

the shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of each photon of that light; aka violet packs twice as much energy as red light

substances that absorb visible light

measures the ability of a pigment to absorb various wavelengths of light

a graph plotting a pigment's light absorption versus wavelength

one of three pigments found in chloroplasts; absorbs violet-blue and red light best, meaning those lights are the most effective for photosynthesis

profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation

hydrocarbon accessory pigments that are yellow and orange because they absorb violet and blue-green light

important function of some carotenoids; they absorb and dissipate excessive light energy that would otherwise damage chlorophyll or interact negatively with oxygen

composed of protein complex called reaction-center complex (composed of a pair of chlorophyll a molecules) surrounded by several light-harvesting complexes (consists of pigment molecules bound to proteins); reaction-center complex contains a primary electron acceptor

uses photosystem I but not II; no production of NADPH and no release of oxygen; does generate ATP