anth chap. 2

The order of animals that includes lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes and humans

The taxonomic group(family) that includdes the human and ape members of the primates, both fossil and modern forms

The genetic term for the Miocene fossil ancester of both the living apes and modern humans, found in africa, asia and europe.

The branch of anthropology that combines archaeology and physical anthropology to study the biolofical and behavioral remains of the early homonins

The mineralized bone of an extinct animal.

A small species of chimpanzee, closely related to humans

A descriptive term for any human or ape, past or present, characterized by teeth shape, the absence of a tail and swinging arms.

An obsolete term that refers to the human members of the primates, both modern and fossil forms

A current term that refers to the human chimp and gorilla members of the primates, both fossil and modern forms

A difference in size between the male and female members of a species.

The generic term for the various species of the genus Australopithecus, including A. Ramidus, A. afarensis and A. africanus

A method of animal movement, such as bipedalism.

A generic term for the period of the Pliocene and early Pleistocene, used to describe the age of fossil finds, approximately 3-1 m.y.a.

Genus of early hominins, contemporary with Australopithecus, that includes boisei and robustus as species.

Having more than one mate.

A technique used to extimate the antiquity of archaeological materials, generally based on association with materials of known age or simply to say that one item is younger or older than another.

The relationship between items in an archaeological site. Items in association are found close together and/or in the same layer or deposit.

A method of assigning archaeological dates in calander years so that an age in actual number of years is known or can be estimated

One of the several atomic states of an element.

A method for absolute dating that relies on known rates of decay in radioactive isotopes expecially carbon, potassium and uranium

an absolute dating technique based on the principle of decay of the radioactive isotope of potassium. Also called radiocarbon dating.

A measure of the rate of decay in radioactive materials; half radioactive material will disappear within the period of one half-life.

A more accurate method of potassium argon dating that involves converting potassium to argon before the isotope ratios are measured

The human method of locomotion, walking on two legs.

The accumulated materials from cave deposits that harden into a conglamorate rock, including sediments, rocks, and animal bones

A trace left on a vone by a stone or metal tool used in butchering a carcass

The name given to the assemblages of early pebble tools and flakes belonging to the basal paleolithic, derived from Olduvai

A technique for producing stone artifacts by striking or knapping crystalline stone with a hard or soft hammer.

A type of stone artifact produced by removing a piece from a core through chipping

The stone from which other pieces or flakes are removed. Core tools are shaped by the removal of flakes.

A stone used to knock flakes from cores

A term referring to all the pieces of shatter and flakes produced and not used when stone tools are made.

A fine-grained, crystalline stone that fractures in a regular pattern, producing sharp-edged flakes

The process of making chipped stone artifacts; the striking of stone with a hard or soft hammer.

The set of artifacts and other remains found at an archaeological site or within a specific level of a site.

pertaining to stone or rock

A term describing a flaked stone tool in which only one face or side is retouched to make a sharp edge.

A flaked stone tool in which both faces o sides are retouched to make a thinner tool.

The shaping or shrpening of stone artifacts through percussion or pressure flaking

Preferential use of the right or the left hand

Any equipment, weapn, or object made by humans to change their environment

The cycle of female sexual receptivity in many species of animals

"outside the body", nonbiological or genetic