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What other terms is sonograpghy known by?
- Ultrasound
- Diagnostic Medical Sonography
- Ultrasonography
- Vascular Sonography
- Echocardiography
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What is sonography and how it is employed?
Procedure that uses nonionizing, high-frequency sound waves to generate an image of a particular structure of the body. It is employed for the visualization of soft tissue interfaces of homogeneous fluid-filled or solid organs, tumor masses, and muscles. It can also be used in venous studies calculating blood flow velocities. There are no known harmful effects and is considered safe.
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What are the advantages of sonography over other
modalities?
- Mobile
- Versatile
- More cost effective
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What are ultrasound transducers? What are some examples?
- Special scanning devices.
- Transvaginal
- Transrectal
- Transesophageal
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What are some special requirements of sonographers?
- Must have detail knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and pathology.
- Must understand anatomy as it relates to sectional, coronal, and oblique planes.
- Must evaluate each patient to determine specific imaging requirements
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In regard to physical principles, what is ultrasound?
- The transmission of high frequency mechanical vibrations
- greater than 20 kHz through a medium.
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What is the frequency spectrum for diagnostic
ultrasound?
1-10 MHz
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What is the piezoelectric effect?
Conversion of mechanical pressure to electrical voltage and vice versa.
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How may ultrasound waves be affected at interfaces between different media?
- Focused
- Refracted
- Reflected
- Scattered
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What determines the velocity of sound in a medium?
Density and elastic properties of the medium.
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Is there a difference in velocity of sound between various media in the body?
Yes. Velocity differs greatly between bone, air, and soft tissue but little between adjacent soft tissues.
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What impedes or interferes with the transmission of sound?
Air or gas-filled structures
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What are the primary indications for these types of sonography exams:
A. Abdomen and retroperitoneum
B. Superficial structures
C. Neonatal neurosonography
- Abdomen/retroperitoneum – abscesses, hematomas, cysts, tumors, stones
- Superficial structures – tumors
- Neonatal neurosonography – evaluate intracranial damage during delivery
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During an obstetric exam, when can the embryo, heartbeat, and placenta normally be visualized? When can detailed anatomy be seen?
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What are Vascular exams are used to detect?
- Plaque formation
- Thrombus
- Obstruction
- Stenosis
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What is the most commonly used term for cardiac
ultrasound exams?
Echocardiography
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