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mental ability and evolved behaviors
evolutionary psychology
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3 theories of evolution (origins of the complex)
Creationism, Seeding Theory, Evolution by natural selection
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these are funtional; designed to solve adaptive problems- survival and reproductive; behavior is a function of this
psychological mechanisms
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immediate causal forces explaining psychological mechanisms
proximate mechanisms
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the "why" and deeper level of analysis of explaining psychological mechanisms
ultimate mechanisms
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the change of an
organic living structure over time
Evolution
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(1744-1829) the inheritance of aquired characteristics, natural tendancy for each species to progress to a higher form
Lamarck
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Curvier (1769-1832) species which are extinguished by sudden catastrophies are replaced by different species
catastrophism
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the start of Darwin's observations leading to his Theory
the Galapagos finches
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favorable variations are preseved/survive, nfavorable variations die off (Matthus's essay) organsims exist in such high numbers, it is impossible for the all to survive
"struggle for existence"
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whe the process of "struggle for existence" is repeated over many generations, the result is the formation of a new species
natural selection
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natual selection, provides the "raw materials" for evolution
variation
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natural selection, variation that are inherited from parents
inheritance
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natural selection, variation that is inherited because those variations are selected which helped in the task of survival or reproduction
selection
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the bottom line of Darwin's Theory- the characteristics get passed down by species who reproduce
differential reproduction success
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focus on adaptations that have arisen as a result of successful mating than successful survival
sexual selection
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males competing for sexual access to a female (or visa versa) single gender competition
intrasexual selection
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opposite genders choose mates based on certain characteristics, preferential mate choice
intersexual selection
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random changes in the genetic makeup of a population
genetic drift
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genetic drift, random hereditary changes in DNA
genetic mutation
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genetic drift, new colony is not representative of the intire original population
founder effect
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genetic drift, the survival of a subset of a species after a casastrophy
genetic bottleneck
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characteristics parents pass to offspring biologically, not aquired characteristics, do not change
genes
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made up of genes, is split in conception
genotype
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concept that parent passes on one half of their origional genes and they are not split or "mixed" witht he genes of the other parent
particulate inheritance
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the study of proximate (immediate causal forces) mechanisms and adaptive value of animal behavior
ethology
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(Lorenz) ducks following the first thing they see when born
imprinting
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(Hamilton) the indirect success of reproducing and passing genes by helping those of the same genes survive, not on a conscious level
inclusive fitness
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success of direct reproduction of genes
classical fitness
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species with charateristics that benefit the group survival (Williams got rif of this idea)
group selection
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evolved solutions to problems in survival or reproduction
adaptations
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Triver's Seminal Theories, relationship evolution, taking care of non kin with the hope that in any given situation they would do the same
reciprocal altruism
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Triver's Seminal Theories, sexual selection based on amount of time parents are involved in reproduction (ex. women are more selective because they spend more than 9 months, while men can spend as little as several minutes)
parental investment theory
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offspring desires all the resources they need, parent dasires to disribute resources evenly to better the genetic code
parent-offspring conflict
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laid the groundwork for other psychologists to better answer the good quetions that he brings up, consciousness and instincts (survival and reproduction can be condenced to sexual instinct)
Freud
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founder of Psychology
James
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founded radical behaviorism
Watson and Skinner
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proven instinctive behavor or behavorism theories, more time with nurturer vs. food source
Harlow's monkeys
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a new scientifice synthesis of modern evolutionary biology and modern psychology
evolutionary psychology
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the theory that a Diety created everything (single-celled organisms to the human brain)
Creationism
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the theory that something outside the earth brought the "seeds" for life here and they evolved from the "seeds"
Seeding Theory
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only accepted theory to explein the diversity of life/adaptations, does not explain how life began
evolution by natural selection
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a product of evolution, inharited characteristics that become more profound through natural selection because it is helpful to survival/reproduction/both
adaptations
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a product of evolution, characteristices that are not functional, but happen along with an adaptation (ex. belly buttons as a result of the adaptation of umbilical cords)
by-product
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the ranfom effects of adapration (ex. the particular shape of a belly button)
noise or random effects
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an adaptation that denotes a characteristic, change of the reason of an adaptation
exaptation
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an adaptation with characteristics that may have evolved but no longer serve a functional purpose
spandrels
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level of evolutionary analysis, the overarching understanding of the evolutionary theory
General
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level of evolutionary analysis, fairly broad but under the general umbrella of understanding the evolutionary theory
Mid-Level
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a specific hypothesis using a strategy derived from an exsisting theory
Top-Down Strategy
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a specific hypothesis using a strategy derived from an observation
Bottom-Up Strategy
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a set of processes inside on organism with (SDTIOO) properties
evolved psychological mechanisms
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