cognitive psych

the apparent persistence of a visual stimulus beyong its physical duration

temporary visual buffer that holds visual information for brief periods of time

the number of individual items recallable after any short display

• people are to report any letters they can
• -the whole display is to be reported

only one of the rows was to be reported

the visual image that resides in iconic memory

simple loss of information across time, by a fading process

forgetting caused by the effects of intervening stimulation or mental processing

a later visual stimulus can drastically affect the perception of an earlier one

when the contents of visual memory are degraded by subsequent visual stimuli

illusory movement that occurs when two or more pictures are viewed in rapid succession, as in a movie

• illusory movement that occurs when two images are viewed in rapid succession in different pointsin spaces
• example- chasing christmas lights

mental processes of visual attention

the memory system that is used across a series of eye movements

stored models of all categorizable patterns

a very simple pattern, a fragment or component that can appearin combination with other features across a wide variety of stimulus patterns

processing is driven by the stimulus pattern, the incoming data

context and higher level knowledge influence lower lever processes

surround information and your own knowledge

the tendency to not perceive a pattern, whether a word or picture, when it is quickly repeated

a theoretical and computational approach to some of the most challenging issues in cognitive science.

• basic primitives;
• simple three dimensional geometric forms

failure or deficit in recognizing objects

a disruption of face recognition

a basic disruption in perceiving patterns

the person cannot associate the pattern with meaning

the advantage in recall of the last few items in a list when those items have been present orally rather than visually

inferior recall of the end of the list in the presence of an additional, meaningful, non-list auditory stimulus

the sounds of speech are not invariant from one time to the next

the mental processes of concentrating effort on a stimulus or a mental event

the basic processes of getting sensory information into the cognitive system

• the maintenance of attention for infrequent events over long periods of time
• example= air traffic control

involves consciousness processing, conscious awareness that a task is being performed, and usually conscious awareness of the outcome of that performance

processing that involves no conscious awareness

the reflexibe redirection of attention that orients you toward the unexpected stimulus

the spontaneous redirection of attention to stimuli in the world based on physical characteristics.

• a gradual reduction of the orienting response back to baseline
• -you get used to a stimulus, start to ignore it or not notice it's even there anymore

a faster than baseline response resulting from the useful advance information

a response slower than baseline because of misleading cue

the mental attention focusing mechanism that prepares you to encode stimulus information

recently checked locations are maked by attention as places that the search process would not return to

a disruption or decreased ability to attend to something in the left field of vision

a deliberative, voluntary allocation of mental effort or concentration

the ability to attend to one source of information while ignoring or excluding other ongoing stimuli around us

the mental process of eliminating distractions

two tasks are presented such that one task captures attention as completely as possible

to repeat the message out loud as soon as it is heard

the situation in which a person's attention and thoughts wander from the current task to some other, innapropriate line of thought

it actively suppresses mental representations of salient but irrelevant information so that its activation level is reduced, perhaps below the resting baseline level

slower to respond to the target trials when they were preceded by irrelevant distractor primes compared to control trials where the ignored object on the prime trial was an unrelated item.

with little or no necessary involvement of a conscious, limited attention mechanism.

a brief slow down in mental processing due to having processed another very recent event

mental activation of a concept by some means

unintended, often automatic, actions that are innapropriate for the current situation