Intro Pharmacology 2

Flumazenil (Romazacon)

It is Naloxone Hydrochloide (Narcan) can reduce level of sedation w/o full reversal

it is low cost highly reliable produces amnesia drowsiness and euphoria.

It is a narcotic short acting synthetic analgesic works well with versed more potent than morphine has a quicker onset w/ a shorter duration potent respriatory depressant .

Brand name is Sublimaze.

It is a narcotic it is a Opioid(synthetic) analegesic 1/10 as potent as morphine has a rapid onset with a shorter duration.

Brand name is Demerol.

They are a synthetic narcotic used in conscious sedation most effective when administerd prior to pain. Decreases pain. Combination of antianxiety and opioids decrease pain and anxiety.

Narcotics effect the CNS and GI system it alters patient's mental alertness has the potenital for physical dependency if used for chronic illness reduces pain without loss of consciousness.

• It is administered to reduce pain and are classifies as narcotics (strong) or non narcotics (mild).
• Narcotics analgesics are derived opium or synthetically produced (IPIOIDS)

It is a Benzodazepine it is a antianxiety agent it induces amnesia. Has aticonvulsant propeties. Has a gradual onset of action and effects can last 1-2 days.

It it a Benzodiazepine it is a anti anxiety medication (anxiolytic) widely used for conscious sedation. It is a short acting CNS depressant. It has a rapid onset. Muscle relaxant provides amnesia.


Brand name is Versed.

• Its used for
• Sedative
• Amnesia
• Hypnosis
• Its has short duration and rapid onset.

• Benzodiazepines
• Sedatives
• Anxiolytics
• Administered to decrease activity of CNS
• Reduces the desire for physical activity

• 1. Continuous ECG
• 2.Continious pulse oximetry
• 3. BP
• 4.Respriatroy rate & level of consciousness
• 5.Continuous IV access
• 6 Supplemental oxygen
• 7. Emergency cart with defibrullator should be ready.

• 1. Increases patient comfort
• 2.Produces varied levels of amnesia
• 3.Makes procedures easier on practitioner
• 4.Very low risk

The administration of pharmacologic agents producing a depressed level of consciousness, but allowing the patient to retain the ability to independently maintain a patent airway, and respond to physical and/ or verbal stimuli.

• Liters (L) or milliliters
• 1000 ml = 1 liter
• One milliliter = to 1 cubic centimeter (cc)
• One Ounce = 30 ml

Divide the weight in pounds by 2.2


lbs/2.2

Vistaril

Benadryl

Block histamine from producing adverse effects such as itching, inflammation, respratory distress, overall allergic reactions

• EX. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl
• Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride (Vistrail)

Used as antiinflammatory for mild to moderate musculosketelal and soft tissue pain.

• Ex. Ibuprofen
• Naproxen (Aleive)

Can cause liver, renal and cardiac damage.

Tylenol(Acetaminophen)

Low potency pain reliver must not exceed 4000 mg per day it is associated with liver damage at high doses.

Used to break up newly formed blood clots used for thromolysis

Ex Alteplase, Retaplase, Streptokinase, Urokinase

Used in patients who have had an ischemic event in the brain or heart. Used to inhibit platelet effects ( do not bind to from blood clots)

Ex. acetylsaliylic acid/ASA(Asprin), Clopidogrel(plavix), Dipyridamole(Persantine)

• -Warfarin Sodium/Coumadin
• Prevents absorption of vitamin K from intestines.
• -Heparin
• Affects the activity of thrombin thus inhibits clot formation

Used in patients with history of blood clot formation or potential to develop clots.

It causes dehydraton and Kidney failure.

Fuosemide(Lasix)

*Diuretics are also referred to as waterpills.

They Eliminate excess fluid and sodium from blood stream. Decrease overall pressure within the vessels.

• Digoxin
• Epinephrine (adrinalin)

• It lowers BP by vasodilation.
• Decreases heartrate
• Decreases sympathetic outflow from CNS
• Decreases sodium and water retention

• Ex. Nifedipine(procardia)
• Furosemide (lasix
• Reserpine

To assist in lowering blood pressure to safe long term goals. Effects heart failure by decreasing pressure against which heart must pump.

*Some patients need more than one medication.

They prevent calcium from entering heart will lower blood pressure.

They effect the electrical conduction system. It suppresses excess electrical conduction in cardiac system. It decreases arrhythmia production.

Ex. Lidocaine(Xylocaine), Adenosine, Digoxin, Procanimide, Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers.

• 1. Right Patient
• 2. Right Drug
• 3. Right Dosage
• 4. Right Time
• 5. Right Route
• 6. Right documentation

• Intravenous,
• Intramuscular,
• Intrathecal,
• Intradermal,
• Subcutaneous

Usually pre & during procedures can be adminstered oral, rectal, sublingual, parenteral route.

It is administered at puncture site such as a a local anesthetic causes an Analgesic effect usually injected and relives pain.

• Ex. Lidocaine/Xylocaine
• Procaine/Novacaine

• Local
• Systemic

• Mirodrips = 50-60 drops per ml
• Macrodrips= 10-20 drops per ml

15-20 drops per minute

It is a solution with lower concentration of solutes than blood plasma.

Ex. Causes a cell to enlarge

It is a solution with. greater solute concentration that blood plasma.

Ex. Causes a cell to shrink

It is solutions that are similar in content to physiologic fluids.

It is the weight or millosmols per kg of water.

*use this when referring to CM and intravenous therapy

The concentration per volume of solution.

"Blocking" drugs counteracts the effect or an agonist.

It is a drug that binds inself to receptors on specific cells or tissues and produces an effect.

It is a specific name of drug.

It is derived from the chemical name. It indicates the chemical composition.

It is used to describe the chemical makeup.

The desired therapeutic effect the drug has on the body.

*do not confuse with pharmacokinetics.

It is the study of drug entrance, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

It is the study of drugs. The orgin, chemical composition, preparation and use.