B230, Module II, Cognitive Development, Piaget, DDST

Birth to one month.

It encompasses:

• modification of reflexes;
• the infant in this stage practices and perfects the reflexes that are present at birth

The sucking reflex becomes more refined and voluntary, for example

One month to 4 months.

It encompasses:

Primary circular reactions; repeats behavior that previous led to an interesting event.

Only the infants body is involved in activities.

4 months - 10 months

It encompasses:

the beginning of secondary circular reaction

repetitions involve events or objects in the external world; the infant appears to perform actions with a purpose.

Hand-eye coordination

10 months - 12 months

It encompasses:

Coordination of secondary reactions; requires two or more previous strategies to obtain a goal

12 months - 18 months

It encompasses:

tertiary circular reactions; uses active experimentation to achieve previoulsy unattainable goals

The infant purposely varies movements to observe results

The DDST II is a standarized tool that screens for developmental problems in children from birth to six years of age.

• Three purposes are:
• 1. screening apparently healthy infants for developmental problems

2. validating intuitive concerns about an infant's development with an objective test

3. monitoring high-risk children for developmental problems

1. gross motor

2. fine motor - adaptive

3. language

4. personal - social

This tests has sophisticated standardization, and it incorporates inclusions of norms for various subgroups based on place of residence, ethnicity, and mother's level of education.

It is a valid health indicator and an infant who is growing properly is at low risk for developing a chronic disease.

By length and weight of the infant