Philosophy Quiz 1

Descriptive discusses what humans are in fact like.

Prescriptive is what humans ought to be.

Ethical Egoism says that an act is morally right if and only if it produces the best overall please/pain sum for the agent of that act.

Ethical Egoism is prescriptive and says you ought to be interesterd in yourself.

Psychological Egoism by contrast is descriptive and says people only go after happiness and their own well being.

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"An act by person "P" is morally right if and only if it produces at least as high a social utility as anything person "P" could have done at that time."

"An act is morally right if and only if it can be reasonably expected that it would produce at least as high a social utility as anything "P" could have done at this time"

Difference from 1 is that this one allows for the product that could be Reasonable Expected.

Hedonism is the idea that pleasure is the ultimate good. This is measured in Hedons (one unit of pleasure) and Dolors (one unit of pain).

The Social Utility of an act is calculated by subtracting the overall pain produced by an action from the overall pleasure it produces for everyone affected by the action.

In maximizing social utility, Utilitarianism does not take justice into account.