Joe's Biology - Prentice Hall Chapter 19

Any organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus.

A rod-shaped bacterium.

A spiral-shaped bacterium.

A sphere-shaped bacterium.

An organism that must take in organic molecules for both energy and carbon.

An organism that is photosynthetic but needs needs organic compounds as a carbon source.

An organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water inti carbon compounds.

An organism that makes organic carbon molecules from carbon dioxide using energy from chemical reactions.

An organism that must live in the absence of oxygen.

An organism that must have a constant supply of oxygen to survive.

An organism that can survive with or without oxygen.

A type of asexual reproduction in which an organism an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two genetically identical daughter cells.

Form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information.

Type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm.

The process by which nitrogen gas is converted into ammonia.

A nonliving particle, made up of nucleic acid, protein, and sometimes lipids, that can only reproduce by infecting living cells.

The outer protein coat of a virus.

A virus that infects and kills bacteria.

A type of infection in which a virus enters a cell, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst, or lyse, hence the name lytic infection.

A type of infection in which a virus embeds its DNA into the host cell's DNA and then is replicated along with the rest of the cell's DNA. After some time, the viral DNA separates from the DNA of all of the cells it has infected and takes the steps a lytic infection would take.

The viral DNA embedded into a host cell's DNA during lysogenic infections.

A virus that contains RNA as its genetic information.

A disease-causing agent.

A preparation of weakened or killed pathogens. Administered to a person in order for them to build up immunity to the pathogen.

A compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

A single-stranded RNA molecule that has no surrounding capsid.

An infectious particle made up of protein rather than a nucleic acid.

Eubacteria have cell walls containing peptidoglycans. Archaebacteria have cell walls without peptidoglycan.

The DNA sequences of key archaebacterial genes are more like those of eukaryotes than those of eubacteria.

Eubacteria can be found almost everywhere. Archaebacteria live in extremely harsh environments.

By their shapes, by the chemical nature of their cell walls, by the way they move, and by the way they obtain energy.

They do not contain a nucleus, and they are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Gram-positive bacteria are appear purple. Gram-negative bacteria appear pink or light red.

Gram-positive bacteria have cell walls with peptidoglycans. Gram-negative bacteria don't.

A DNA or RNA core and a protein coat (capsid).

Some bacteria damage the cells and tissues of the infected organism and break down the cells for food.

Others release toxins (poisons) that travel throughout the body and interfere with the normal activity of the host.

Sterilization, disinfection, and food processing.

They disrupt the body's equilibrium.

They bind to repressors on the outside of a cell and trick the cell into allowing the virus inside.

The capsid must bind precisely to the proteins on the cell's surface and the virus must use the host's genetic system.

Cyanobacteria, a group of photoautotrophic bacteria.

• 1. Common cold
• 2. Influenza
• 3. Smallpox
• 4. Warts
• 5. AIDS
• 6. Chickenpox
• 7. Measles
• 8. Hepatitis A, B, and C
• 9. West Nile
• 10. Polio

• 1. Lyme disease
• 2. Tetanus
• 3. Tuberculosis
• 4. Diptheria
• 5. Bacterial Meningitis
• 6. Strep throat
• 7. Tooth decay