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What are Present Adverbial Participles built on?
Present Tense Verb Stem
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What kind of action do Present Adverbial Participles describe?
Continuous Action
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In Present Adverbial Participles, what does the action relate to?
Action relates to the action of the main verb
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What 2 kind of relations do most Present Adverbial Participles define?
Most define
temporal relations ("while")
or
casual relations ("because")
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What de Present Adverbial Participles have to agree with and in what?
Must agree with its "subject"
in case, number, and gender
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Present Adverbial Particples are always what?
always anarthrous
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What are the 3 Morphemes?
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In Participle Case Endings what do the third declension case endings follow?
the morpheme (vt) in the M and N active participle
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In Participle Case Endings, what do the second declension case endings follow?
the morpheme (mev) in the M and N middle participle
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In Participle Case Endings, what do the First Declension case endings follow?
the morpheme in all F participles
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What is the Present Middle/Passive Paradigm of Luw singular
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What is the Present Middle-Passive Paradigm for Luo Plural?
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Contract verbs form the participle by connecting with which vowel?
o (omicron) just as in the indicative
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What are the 4 questions you should ask before attempting to translate any participle?
1 What is the aspect (based on tense)?
2 What is the voice?
3 What is the meaning (based on lexical form, case, number, and gender)?
4 What is the function in the sentence?
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What is the basic translation for the present participle
ending in -ing in English
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How are most adverbial participles best translated?
as temporal or causal clauses
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While indicative verbs indicate absolute time, what do temporal participles indicate?
relative time, i.e. time relative to that of the verb.
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What is it called when the present participle indicates an action taking place at the same time as that of the verb?
Contemporaneous time.
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What does the English translation for a present temporal participle use to indicate contemporaneous time?
"while"
"as"
"when"
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