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tone color or timbre
- describes itself with words like bright, dark, brilliant, mellow & rich.
- contributes to continuity
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Saprano
commonly woman voice
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Mezzo-Saprano
Commonly woman voice
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Alto (or Contralto)
Commonly woman voice
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Baritone
commonly man voice
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Six Instrument Catagories
- 1. Strings
- 2. Woodwinds
- 3. Brass
- 4. Percussion
- 5. Keyboard
- 6. Electronic
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What are three main string instruments?
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Name three brass instruments.
- Trumpet
- Trombone
- French Horn
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Name two percussion instruments.
- Chimes- definite pitch
- Snare drum- indefinite pitch
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Name two keyboard instruments.
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Tempo
the basic pace of the music.
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Adante
moderatly slow (walking pace)
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Variation
keeps some elements while changing others.
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Duration
The length of time a musical note sounds.
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Rythm
Is the flow of music thru time, it is also the essential feature of a melody's personality.
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Ledger Lines
When pitch falls above or below the staff horizontal lines.
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Treble Clef
Used for higher notes (right hand on piano)
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Bass Clef
Used for lower notes (left hand on piano)
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Grand Staff
A combination of the treble & bass cleff staves.
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Tie
Is another way to lengthen duration of a note.
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Interval
the distance in "pitch" between two tones.
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Sharp
Higher in pitch by a 1/2 step.
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Flat
Lower in pitch by a 1/2 step.
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Natural Notes
- A-B-C-D-E-F & G
- White keys on the piano. (neither flat or sharp notes)
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Musical Texture
Different layers of sound heard at once.
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Monophonic Texture
- One sound
- More than one singer or instrument is "unison" which is a richer sound.
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Polyphonic
- Several melodic lines compete for attention.
- This adds dimension, and often contains imitation.
- EX. row, row, your boat
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Homophonic
- Is best describe as between "mono" and "poly" phonics.
- Attention is focused on the melody.
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Form
- the organization of musical elements in time.
- pitch, tone color, dynamics, rythm, melody & texture
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Reptition
Creates a sense of unity.
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Contrast
provides variety.
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Dissonance
Is an unstable tone combination, its tension demands onward motion to a stable chord.
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Resolution
When dissonance moves to consonance.
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Prestissimo
As Fast As Possible
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Accelerando
Becoming Faster
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Ritardando
Becoming Slower
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Notation
Is a system of writing music so that specific pitches & Rythms can be communicated.
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Notes
Indicates exact pitches by an upward or downward symbol.
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Staff
A set of 5 horizontal lines, the higher the note on the horizontal line, the higher the pitch.
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Score
Shows music for each instrument.
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Melody
Is a series of single notes that add up to make a recognizable whole.
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Legato
A smooth, connected style of tones.
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Staccato
A short detached style of tones.
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Cadence
A resting place at end of phrase or at point of arrival.
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Harmony
The way chords are constructed and how they follow each other.
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Consonance
A stable tone combination of a point of arrival, rest and resolution.
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Double Stop
2 notes at once.
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Vibrato
rocking hand while pressing string.
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Mute
a muffle on the bridge
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Tremolo
Rapidly repeats tones with quick up and down strokes of bow.
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Harmonics
High pitch noises when strings are lightly touche.
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Quintuple Meter
5/8 very rare
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Septuple Meter
7/8 very rare
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Dotted Half Note
hold for three beats
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Theme
Is a melody used as the basis for a musical composition.
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Sound
Begins with vibrations on object, then vibrates in our eardrum and transmit this to brain, then selected , organized and interpreted.
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Pitch
Is the relative high and low sounds we hear.
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Tone
In music, a sound that has definate pitch.
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Pitch Range
The distance between the lowest and highest tones that voice or instrument can produce.
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Dynamics
- The degree of loudness or softness in music. Power to impact the listner.
- EX. "We've only just began" Carpentars
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Mezzo Forte
MP modertly soft
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Mezzo Forte
MF moderatly loud
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> Desrescendo / Diminvendo
gradually softer
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< Crescendo
gradually louder
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Syncopation
- A disturbance, or interuption of regular flow of rythm.
- EX. "I can see clearly now" "Montego Bay"
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Dynamic Accent
Gives note a louder sound than notes around it.
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What are the original 4 main cultures in music?
- 1. Egyptian
- 2. Babaloynians
- 3. Greeks (main ones to establish art & music)
- 4. Romans
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What instrument did Hermes invent?
the lure, originated from kicking shell on beach and sound it produced.
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First drums?
Zules of africa, by stretching skin over a log.
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Why is piano a percussion?
because you strike it to play.
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Who created the trumpet?
What was the instrument called?
- Tritan, was Greek god, that was half man and fish.
- Trident was a 3 prong instrument.
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Romans and trumpet
They were warriors and worked allot with metals, that eventually made trumpets out of metal.
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Who was Pan?
he was a god of greece, would run through meadows with flute. he was half man and half goat.
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Greeks significance in music and art?
- they loved health, beauty, poetry, plays, and music and were democratic people
- started olympics
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Plato?
famouse for writing dramas
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Pythagoras?
discovered "octive" scale
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Octive Scale
- eight notes
- C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C
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Modes?
- popular with Greeks
- Uses all white notes only. Depended on mood they were in.
- Chorus set moods for plays, not so much the musicians.
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Fermata hold
hold sound out as long as you can, until conductor stops.
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Time Signature
- appears at beggining of piece and again if changed.
- X/ top number is key signature
- /X bottom is, how many beats in a measure.
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Quadruple Meter
4/4 four beats
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Triple Meter
3/4 Most common
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