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What are the 5 major functions of bones?
Support, Protection, Storage, Movement, and Blood Cell Formation ( hematopoeisis).
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What is the Axial Skeleton?
Bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body – Skull, Ribcage, Spine.
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What is a appendicular skeleton?
The appendages, or limbs.
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What is hematopoesis?
Blood cell formation in bone marrow.
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What are the 8 parts of a long bone?
- -Diaphysis: Shaft, composed of compact bone
- -Epiphysis: Ends. Spongy bone surrounded by compact bone
- -Periosteum: Fibrous protective membrane that covers the diaphysis
- -Perforating fibers: Connective tissue fibers that attach periosteum to bone
- -Articular cartilage: Glassy, smooth hyaline cartilage layer that covers the epiphysis. Helps reduce friction
- -Medullary canal: Canal in the center of the bone
- Adults: Fat storage (yellow marrow)
- Infants : Filled with red marrow (makes blood cells)
- -Epiphyseal line: Remnant of the epiphyseal plate
- -Epiphyseal plate: Flat plate of hyaline cartilage. Site of the lengthwise growth of bone
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What is this?
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What are long bones?
- 1) Longer than they are wide
- 2) Have a long piece with larger heads at each end
- 3) Made mostly of compact bone, except for the heads
- 4) All bones of the limbs, except the ankles and the wrists
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What are short bones?
- Short Bones
- 1) Cube shaped
- 2) Contain mostly spongy bone
- 3) Wrist, ankle, and patella
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What is a Sesamoid Bone?
A bone that forms within tendons (e.g. Kneecap)
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What is a flat bone?
- 1) Thin, flattened and curved
- 2) Composed of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone
- 3) Bones of the skull, ribs, and sternum
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What is a irregular bone?
An irregular bone is a bone that doesnt fall into any of the other catagories.
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what is an osteoBlast?
osteoBlast Build Bone.
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What is a osteoclast?
They destroy bone to release minerals.
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What is appositional growth?
This is how bones widen as they grow longer
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What is Rickets?
- Rickets is a disease in children in which the bones fail to calcify and harden due to a lack of calcium and/or vitamin D
- -Can be recognized by bowed legs
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What are synarthroses joints.
They are immovable joints.
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What are amphiarthroses joints?
They are slightly movable joints.
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What are diarthroses joints?
They are movable joints.
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What are syndesomosome joints.
Slightly movable joints (e.g. Tib/ Fib)
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What are CARTILAGinious joints?
They are cushioned with cartilage (e.g. the vertebrae)
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What are Fibrous Joints?
Bones held together with fibrous tissue (e.g. the skull)
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What are synovial joints?
They contain fluid (e.g. all joints in limbs)
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What is the Bursa?
A fluid filled sac that cushions joints.
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What are non axial joints?
Joints with no rotation around the axis, plane joints.
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What are plane joints?
Flat surfaces (e.g. the wrist)
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What is a uniaxil joint?
Allow movement in only one axis (e.g. A hinge joint).
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What is a hinge joint?
Cylindrical end of bone fits into a trough shaped surface on another bone (e.g. the elbow).
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What is abduction?
Movment away from the body.
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What is adduction?
Movment toward the body.
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What is a pivot joint?
The rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve or ring of another bone (e.g. proximal radioulnar joint).
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What is a ball and socket joint?
Spherical head of one bone fits into a round socket on the other bone (e.g. Hip or shoulder).
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What is a biaxial joint?
Can move side to side and back and forth (e.g. sadel joint).
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What is a multiaxial joint?
Allows full range of motion (e.g. ball and socket).
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What is flexion?
Movement that decreases the angle, bending.
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What is extension?
Increases the angle, straighting.
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What are the 6 types of fractions?
- Comminuted- the bone breakes into many fragments. Compression- the bone is crushed.Depressed- part of the bone is depressed.Impacted- forced together, occures with a fall.Spiral- excessive twisting.Greenstick- bent but not broken, occures in children when the bone is not fully developed.
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What are the parts of an osteon?
- •Osteocytes – Mature bone cells found in the lacunae
- •Lacunae - Tiny cavities in bone matrix that contain osteocytes
- •Lamellae – Circles in the bone tissue that contain the lacunae – Look like tree rings
- •Haversian canal – Canal in the middle of the osteon – Allows neurovascular bundles to pass through
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