Bone Physiology

Support, Protection, Storage, Movement, and Blood Cell Formation ( hematopoeisis).

Bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body – Skull, Ribcage, Spine.

The appendages, or limbs.

Blood cell formation in bone marrow.

• -Diaphysis: Shaft, composed of compact bone
• -Epiphysis: Ends. Spongy bone surrounded by compact bone
• -Periosteum: Fibrous protective membrane that covers the diaphysis
• -Perforating fibers: Connective tissue fibers that attach periosteum to bone
• -Articular cartilage: Glassy, smooth hyaline cartilage layer that covers the epiphysis. Helps reduce friction
• -Medullary canal: Canal in the center of the bone
• Adults: Fat storage (yellow marrow)
• Infants : Filled with red marrow (makes blood cells)
• -Epiphyseal line: Remnant of the epiphyseal plate
• -Epiphyseal plate: Flat plate of hyaline cartilage. Site of the lengthwise growth of bone

• 1) Longer than they are wide
• 2) Have a long piece with larger heads at each end
• 3) Made mostly of compact bone, except for the heads
• 4) All bones of the limbs, except the ankles and the wrists

• Short Bones
• 1) Cube shaped
• 2) Contain mostly spongy bone
• 3) Wrist, ankle, and patella

A bone that forms within tendons (e.g. Kneecap)

• 1) Thin, flattened and curved
• 2) Composed of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone
• 3) Bones of the skull, ribs, and sternum

An irregular bone is a bone that doesnt fall into any of the other catagories.

osteoBlast Build Bone.

They destroy bone to release minerals.

This is how bones widen as they grow longer

• Rickets is a disease in children in which the bones fail to calcify and harden due to a lack of calcium and/or vitamin D
• -Can be recognized by bowed legs

They are immovable joints.

They are slightly movable joints.

They are movable joints.

Slightly movable joints (e.g. Tib/ Fib)

They are cushioned with cartilage (e.g. the vertebrae)

Bones held together with fibrous tissue (e.g. the skull)

They contain fluid (e.g. all joints in limbs)

A fluid filled sac that cushions joints.

Joints with no rotation around the axis, plane joints.

Flat surfaces (e.g. the wrist)

Allow movement in only one axis (e.g. A hinge joint).

Cylindrical end of bone fits into a trough shaped surface on another bone (e.g. the elbow).

Movment away from the body.

Movment toward the body.

The rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve or ring of another bone (e.g. proximal radioulnar joint).

Spherical head of one bone fits into a round socket on the other bone (e.g. Hip or shoulder).

Can move side to side and back and forth (e.g. sadel joint).

Allows full range of motion (e.g. ball and socket).

Movement that decreases the angle, bending.

Increases the angle, straighting.

• Comminuted- the bone breakes into many fragments.
• Compression- the bone is crushed.
• Depressed- part of the bone is depressed.
• Impacted- forced together, occures with a fall.
• Spiral- excessive twisting.
• Greenstick- bent but not broken, occures in children when the bone is not fully developed.

• •Osteocytes – Mature bone cells found in the lacunae
• •Lacunae - Tiny cavities in bone matrix that contain osteocytes
• •Lamellae – Circles in the bone tissue that contain the lacunae – Look like tree rings
• •Haversian canal – Canal in the middle of the osteon – Allows neurovascular bundles to pass through