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What coverts trypsinogen to trypsin?
enterokinase (enteropeptidase)
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What activates lipase and colipase?
Bile salts
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Enterokinase is secreted where?
Duodenum
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What activates chemotrypsinogen, caboxypeptidase A and B?
Trypsin
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How is secretin action different from that of CCK?
- Secretin--high volume, low enzyme , high bicarbonate
- CCK- low volume, low bicarbonate and high enzyme
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Norepinephrine is synthesized where?
Locus cereleus
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5HT is synthesized where?
Raphe Nucleus
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Ach is synthesized where
Basal Nucleus of Meynert
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GABA is synthesized where?
Nucleus Accumbens
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Hirshprung's disease is caused by what?
loss of Myenteric nerve plexus
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Metanephrines in urine, episodic hypertension, headaches, palpitations, perspiration are all indicative of what?
Pheochromocytoma
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Chvostek's sign and Troussaeu appear in what condition?
Hypocalcemia
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What is the difference between Chvostek's sign and Troussaeu sign?
- Chvostek--tapping of facial nerve--twitches
- Troussaeu--blood pressure cough...movement of fingers
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Achalasia and Hirshprungs disease are caused by what?
absent myenteric plexus
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Proton pump blocker?
Omeprazole
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H2 receptor antagonist?
cimetidine
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Ach receptor antagonist on a parasympathetic gland?
Atropine
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What enzyme catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid from CO2 and H20?
Carbonic anhydrase
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What happens in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?
- Gastrin secreting tumor of pancreas or duodenum
- recurrent ulcers
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What muscle is affected is Achalasia?
- Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
- Cardiac Sphincter
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Barret's Esophagus?
- glandular metaplasia--Non keratinized SSE to columnar epithelium
- Becomes
- adenocarcinoma
- results
- reflux disease
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What happens in Celiac sprue( gluten sensitive enteropathy)
- autoimmune to mucosal cells
- malabsorption
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In terms of stool what is expected in Celiac Sprue?
Steatorrhea
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Steatorrhea and failure to thrive are seen in what GI disorder?
Celiac Sprue
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What nerve controls the internal anal sphincter?
Pelvic
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What nerve controls the external anal sphincter?
Pudendal ( S2,S3,S4)
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What is the differential for Gastric ulcer and Duodenal Ulcer?
- Gastric--pain is Greater with Meals
- Duodenal--pain Decreases with Meals
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