med term chap 5.txt

Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

Heart

Blood vessels

Pertaining to

Play important roles in the immune system and endocrine system

Fluid tissue that transports O2 and nutrients to other body tissues and returns some waste products from these tissues to the kidneys and carriers carbon dioxide back to the lungs

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

Hollow, muscular organ located btwn the lungs

Pointed lower end of the heart

Pericardial sac

Double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

Surrounding

Heart

Singular noun ending

Pertaining to membrane whch is a thin layer of pliable tissue that covers or encloses a body part

Tough outer layer that forms a fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the heart

Inner layer of the pericardium, forms outer layer of the heart

Outer layer of the heart

Founf between parietal and visceral layers, it acts as a lubricant to prevent friction between when the heart beats

External layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium

Upon

Myocardial muscle

Middle and thickest f the hearys three layers and consists of specialized cardiac muscle tissue

Muscle

Consists of epithelial tissue, is the inner lining of the heart

Within

Supply O2 rich blood to the myocardium

Remove waste products from the myocardium

Two upper chambers of the heart. Recieving chambers and all bld vessels comin into th heart

Seperated by interatrial septum

Wall that seperates two chambers

Two lower chambers ofnthe heart

Normal hollow chamber of the heart or brain

Interventricular septum

Between

Ventricle

Pertaining to

Controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Three cusps (points)

Located btwn the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Pertaining to the lungs

Half-moon; shaped like a half-moon

Bicuspid valve

Btwn left atrium and left ventricle

Shaped like a bishops miter(hat)

Having two. cusps

Located between left ventricle and aorta

Oxygen-rich

Oxygen poor

Flow of blood only btwn heart and lungs

Carry deoxygenated blood ou of the right ventricle and into the lungs. Only arteries that carry deoxy blood

Oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart. Only place where veins carry oxy blood

Floe of blood to everywhere in body except the lungs

Determins rate and regularity of the heart beat from nerves that stimulate the myocardium of the chambers of the heart

Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and bundle of His

Sinoatrial node

Located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near enterance of the superiorvena cave

Starts each wave of muscle contraction in the heart which causes both atria to contract together forces bld into ventricles

Atrioventricular node

Located on floor of the rigbt atrium near the interatrial septum

Group of fibers located within interventricular septum

Speciealized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricle

Stimulation (contraction) of the atria

Shows stimulation (contraction) of the venfricles

Atria relaxes

Recovery ( relaxation) of thr ventricles

Arteries, capilarries, veins

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of body

Pertaining to the inner portion of an artery or within an artery

Bright red cause its oxy rich

It begins from left ventricle of the heart

Major arteries tht carry bld toward head

Located on each side of the neck

Brings oxy rich blood to brain

Brings bliid to face

Smaller, thinner bran hes of arteries that carry blood to capillaries

Form a low pressure collecting system to return oxy poor blood to heart

Smallest veins that join to form the larger veins

Located near surface

Locted within the tissues and away from the body surface

Two largest veins in the bidy. Veins that return blood into the heart

Transports blood from the uppe portion of the body to the heart

Transports blood fromthe lower lortions of the blood to the heart

Smallest blood vessels in the body

Pertainin to blood vessels

Deliver blood to the capillaries

Natural pacemaker

Rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart

Measurment of thr amount of systolic and diastolic exerted against the walls of the arteries

Ventricles contract. Highest pressure against the walls of an artery

Contraction of heart

Contraction phase

Ventricles relax, lowest pressure against the walls of an artery

Relaxation of heart

Relaxation phase

Fluid tissue.

Composed of 55% liquid plasma and 45% firmed elements

Straw colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products

91% water and 9% is proteins including clotting proteins

Clotting proteins found in plasma. They have an important role in clot formation to control bleeding

Plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been remived

Rbc

Mature rbcs produced by red bone marrow

Red

Cells

Iron-containing pigment of the erythrocytes

White bld cells

Involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances

White

Wbc, which are formed in red bone marrow

Neutrophils

Process of destroying pahogens by surrounding and swallowing them

WBC; formed in red bone marrow. Responsible for the symptoms of allergies

Basophils

WBC; formed in red bone marrow and then migrate to tissue throughout the body. Destroy parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions

WBC; formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen. Identify foreign ish and germs in thd body and produce antibidies that specifically target them

WBC; formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen provide immunological defenses against many infectious organism

Platelets

Smallest formed elements of the blood. Play important role in blood clotting

Clot

Classified according to the presence or abaence of certain antigens

Any substance that the body regards as being foreign

Refers to the presence or abscence of Rh antigen

Gases that are normally dissolved in the liquid portion of blood

Oxygen, CO2, N2

Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, disease, and disorders of the heart

Specialist

Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissue

Blood

Physician who specialized in the diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment of disorders of the blood vessels

Structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally after birth

Present at birth

Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle.

Pain

Heart attack

Characterized by unrelenting agina and a severly limited lifestyle

Hardening and narrowin of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries

Plaque or fatty substance

Abnormal hardening

Found within the lumen of an artery

Fatty deposit that is similar to the buildup of rust inside a pupe

Opening within these vessels through which the blood flows

Deposite of plaque on or within the arterial wall

Tumor

Group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxy blood to the heart

Pertaining to the disruption of the blood supply

Condition in which there is an insuffiecent oxygen supply due to restricted blood flow by a part of the body

Hold back

Blood

Lack of blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle

Angina pectoris

Condition of episides of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow tothe myocardium. Happens due to ishcemia of the heart muscle

Heart attack

Occlusion of conditions are named for the affected valve, such as aortic valve stenosis

Event where heart abrubtly stops or develops a very abnormal arrhythmia that prevents blood flow

An Abnormality or loss of normal rhythm of the heart beat

Abnormally slow resting heart rate. Rate less than 60 beats per minute

Slow

Abnormal condition

Abnormally rapid resting heart rate. If over 100 beats per minute

Rapid

Pounding or racing heart witb or without irregularity in rhythm

A fib

Occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall

Fast, uncontrolled heart beat

PAT

Episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atrium

Pertaining to sudden occurence

Total blockage

Sudden insufficiency of blood

Localized area of dead tissue caused by a lack of blood

Congestive heart failure

Common in elderly; chronic cindition in which the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood that it recieves. Decreased pumping action causes congeztion

Fluid build up

Pulmonary edema

Causes an accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Left side no pumping blood to and from the lungs

Causes fluid buildup begining wuth the feet and legs. Right side not efficiently pumping blood to and from the rest of body

Abnormal enlargement of the heat that is frequently associated with heart failure when the heart enlarges in an effort to compensate fir the loss of its pumping ability

Abnormal enlargement

Inflammation of the heart

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

Within

Inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream

InflammTion of myocardium

Inflammation of pericardium that causes accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac

Describes all diseases of the heart muscle

Disease of the heart muscle that causes that causes heart to become eblarged and pump less strongly

Expansion of a hollow structure

Abnormal sound heard when listening to the heart

Inflammation of a heart valve

Valve

Abnormal protusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completley

Condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart

Abnormal narrowing of an opening

V fib

Rapid irregular and useless contraction of the ventricles.. Muscle quivers ineffectively

V tach

Very rapid heart beat that begins within the ventricles

Vasculitis

blood or lymph vessel

bnormal narrowing of a blood vessel

benign tmor made up of newl formed blood vessels

deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part

flow of blood through the vessels of an organ

plyarteritis nodosa

form of angitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time. serious blood vessel disease that occurs when certain immune cells attack the affected arteries

disorders of he blood vessels located outside the heart and brain.

peripheral artery disease

caused by artherosclerosis. impaired circulation to the extermities and vital organs causes changes in the skin color nd temp. and intermittent claudication

peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress. sympotoms, which are due to constricted circulation, include pallor (paleness), cyanosis (blue color), and then redness of the fingers and toes

localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement, of the wall of an artery.

any of a group of diseases characterized by thickening and the loss of elasticit of arterial walls

condition in which venous ciruculation is inadequate due to partial vien blockage or leakage of venous valves. affects feet and ankles, and the leakage of venous blood into tissues causeing discoloration of the skin

inflammation of a vein

vein

abnormally swollen veins, usually occuring in the superficial veings of the legs.

abnormal condition of haing a thrombus

clot

blood clot attached to interior wall of an artery or vein

blocking of an arter by a thrombus

caused by a thrombus

blockage

damage to teh heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronar artery

crown

condition of having a thrombus attached to the wall of a deep vein

sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

something insterted

foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas that is circulating in the blood

any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood

mixture or blending

genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron

color

any situation in which the total number of luekocytes in the circulating blood is less than normal

deficiency

abnormal increase in the number of red cells in the blood due to excess production of these cells by t he bone marrow

systemic condition caused by the spread of microorganisms and their toxin via the circulating blood

condition in which there is an anormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood

thrombus - blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein

abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulatig blood

is the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time. this means to bleed

serious, and potentially fatal, complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patients blood and the donated blood do not match

faty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

general term use to described elevated levels of cholesterol and other fatty substances in the blood

fat

blood condition

group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow

type of cnacer charaterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood forming tissues other organs and in the circulating blood

lower than normal number or erthrocytes in the blood

without or less than

characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

growth

condition of an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen

destroy

pertianing to breaking down of red blood cells

most common form of anemia

blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal

caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract

genetic disorder that cuases abnormal hemogglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an anormal sickle shape this shape interferes with normal blood flow resulting in damage to most of the body systems

inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal

elevation of arterial blood pressure to a level that is likely to cause damage to the ardiovascular system

consistently elevated blood pressure of unknown cause

disease of unknown cause

lower than normal arterial blood pressure

low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up

radiographic study of the blood vessels afer the injection of a contrast medium

diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart. then contrast medium is introduced to produce an angiogram to dtermine how well the heart is working

combines angiography with computerized components to clarify the view of the are of interst by removing the soft tissue and bones from the images

radiographic test that provides an image of the leg veins fter a contrast dye is injected into a vein in the pations foot

noninvasive process of recording the electrical activity of thhe myocardium

portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient o continously monitor the heart rates and rhythms over a 24hr period

performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of he heart muscle during exercise

procedure in which a small balloon on the end of a catheter is sued to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flttening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen

wire-mesh tube that is commonly placed afer the arter has been opened in angioplast. provides support to the arterial wall to keep the plaque from expanding as well

condition when artery that has been opened b angioplasty closes again

surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery

surgical removal of the lining of a potion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain

opening the chest, piece of veing from the leg is implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery and improve the flow of blood to the heart

coronary artery bypass graft

use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm

designed for use by nonprofessions in emergency situations when defibrillation is required

primarily as a treatment for bradycardia or atrial fibrillation

surgical repair or replacement of a heart valve

it stands for cardiopulmonary resucitation

stop or control bleeding

atrial fibrillation

cardiac catheterization

chronic venous insufficiency

coronary artery disease

electrocardiogram

myocardialinfection

peripheral artery disease

peripheral vascular disease

ventricular fibrillation