infancy and childhood

response to a touch on the palm of the hand

babies will move their mouth towards any source of a touch on the face

babies are born knowing how to suck, breath and swallow all at the same time

babies direct their gaze towards bright patterns and faces and trace the outlines of those patterns with their eye

at an alarming sound, babies arms upward and legs spread outward

when foot is stimulated, baby flares toes and pushes foot agains stimulus

an environment that is filled with various stimuli that engage curiosity

the biological growth process that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively influenced by experience

interpretting new experiences acording to your already existing scheme

changing or adapting your scheme to incorporate new information

• from birth to two years
• percieve the world through their sensory and motor interactions with objects around them

the awareness that an object continues to exist even when you can not see it; babies begin to understand at 8 mo

properties of mass, volume and number remain the same even after changes in the form of the object; fully acquired at age 6-7

• judy deloache
• understanding that an object can represent something else

the stage, at age 12, when you can understand abstract ideas

ability to understand speech

ability to produce words

• at 4 months
• spontaneous utterances of a variety of sounds
• heavy in consonants

from ages one to two

begining at age two

early speech stage containing mostly verbs and nouns without any sensible order or syntax

• an optimal period when certain events are most easily learned and are critical to facilitate proper development
• ie-imprinting

a sense of ones own identiy and personal worth; first seen at 15-18 mo when children touch their faces in front of a mirror

• believe social development was psychological and continues throughout life
• proposes four challenges of positive vs negative

• 0-1 year
• depending on ineractions of primary caregivers, children learn if they can trust others or not

• 2-3 years
• self control vs self doubt
• if a child is praised for acting alone, he will be self confident in his own acts

• 4-5 years
• making their own decision

• 5 to puberty
• competence vs inferiority

learning the rules of society

startle reflex

1 month

two months

seven months

ten months

15 months

details about something

numer, amout of information

the way in which you see the world

• pioneered cognitive development
• described four stages; sensorymotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational

first stage in speech, many vowels

• 2-6/7 years
• language and symbolic development

kids draw pictures that represent something else

• 7-11/12 years
• kids use logic and aritmetic until they can understand abstract things

• 12 years -adult
• can contemplate future, and abstract and values

imprinting specialist

babies until about 6 mo

6mo to 3 years

8 mo

10-12 mo

18 mo

until 4 or 5 kids can be behind in everything, then they catch up

• 0-1yr
• childrens first pleasure is mouth
• weaning is first frustration

• 2 years
• source of pleasure is having control of shit

• 3-5 yrs
• kids explore themselves; identification

kids become like their same-sex parent in order to gain attention of the other

boys want mothers attention

girls want dads attention

• 5/6 to puberty
• sexual desires change to learning

supression of sexual fascinations

• adolescense
• discover others, pleasurable to share please

being stuck in one stage

theorized moral develpment in six stages and three topics

• stage 1: avoid punishment
• stage 2: gain rewards
• help someone because they helped you, or eye for eye

• care for others
• stage 3: gain social approval
• stage 4: respect for laws--most stay in this stage

• follow your own set of principles
• stage 5: laws are not absolute, question its justness
• stage 6: acceptance of ethical principles that apply to everyone