ARTICULATION DISORDERS

Speech sounds, speech sound production rules for combining speech sounds

Speech sound production acoustic properties

Sounds change over time

Analysis of physiological movements and acoustic properties with instrumentation

How physiological systems work to produce sound

Properties of sound waves

Sound awareness, sound interpretation (discrimination)

Application, the study of speech disorders

A category of sounds

Minimal meaningful unit of sound

A morpheme that has meaning on its own

A morpheme that is connected to something else

Study of sound differences in a language

Variation within a phonemic class

Letters and letter combos that represent the same sound

Enclosed in virgules / / also known as phonemic transciption

Sounds that individuals actually produce; Consists of allophone and phones and enclosed in brackets [ ]

Indicate additional modifications of the sound

Oral, nasal, and pharyngeal

Tongue, lips, velum, and mandible

Hard palate, teeth, and alveolar ridge

Breathing; Air necessary for speech

Some narrowing or closing of the vocal tract

Consonants produced side by side with no vowel between

Prevocalic, postvocalic, intervocalic, initial, medial, final, releasing, and arresting

The ability to define the number of syllables in a word

Pure vowel

Vowels of changing resonance and have an onglide or offglide

(L,M,N) Text includes /r/ but its not usually used

Open vocal folds, specific position of lips, tongue, and pharynx, lips, lengthened, shorten, vocal tract, tongue position: enlarges or clears the side of the vocal tract, maybe described as tense: longer duration, more muscle tension or lax: shorten duration, appear only in closed syllables, presence or absence of lip rounding and stress

Phonemic; lengthening the vowel into diphthong changes the meaning (phonemic difference)

Nonphonemic; lengthening the vowel into a diphthong doesn't change the meaning (phonetic difference)

Classified according to manner, place, and voice

Same manner and place but different in voice

Bilabial, labiodental, lingua dental, lingua alveolar, lingua palatal, lingua velar, and glottal

Stop, fricatives, affricates, nasals, liquids, glides,

Oral cavity is sealed at some point
Burst of noise
Short duration
Occur in cognate pairs
p,b,t,d,k,g
Obstruent

Velopharyx closed
High air pressure
Narrow constriction

Subclass of fricatives- Obstruents

Stop followed by a fricative
Obstructed airway followed by a quick release- velo port closed
Obstruent

Velum is lowered and nasal resonance takes place
Nasal radiation
Velopharynx closed and the vocal tract is lengthened
sonorant

Vocal tract is open (semi vowel) a graduation: Gliding transition
May be called approximates or sonorants

Two classes: rhotic and lateral
Semi vowel
Rhotic: /r/ allophones: bunched and retroflex
Lateral /l/ is the only sound in english requiring lateral airflow
Approximants, sonorants

Sound inventory of a language
Allowable sound combinations
Acceptable allophonic variations
Morphophonemics