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What are five factors that landscape topographic regions depend on?
- 1. Bedrock Composition and Structure
- 2. Climate
- 3. Stream Drainage Patterns
- 4. Elevation above sea-level
- 5. Time
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When the ____________, the ____________ and the ______________ meet, landscapes are formed.
Atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere
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What characteristic defines mountains?
distorted rock structure
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In NY State, mountains generally consist of ____________ and ______________ rocks.
Igneous, Metamorphic
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__________ are higher than lowlands but are lower than highlands.
Uplands
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What is the main difference between a mountain and a plateau?
A plateau has NO distorted rock structure, while a mountain does (plateaus are flat on top and have gentler slopes)
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When land is uplifted, what happens to gravity's force?
It increases.
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When land is uplifted, the force of rivers __________.
increase
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What type of geological feature are the Catskill Mountains considered?
a dissected plateau
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How are sediments sorted on a plain.
Horizontally
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What are the two major plains in New York State?
The Erie Ontario Plain, and the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
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__________ don't necessarily contain mountains, but they do signify where mountains used to be.
Highlands
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What force must be dominant for Mountains and Plateaus to form?
Uplifting
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What are leveling forces?
They are the erosion of high elevation features.
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What do leveling forces form?
a plain
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What happens when the force of uplift is equal to the leveling forces?
The elevations stay the same.
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Bedrock composed of stronger/tougher minerals will erode _______.
slower
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What is the relationship between sediment strength, and the pitch of a slope?
The stronger the bedrock, the steeper the slope.
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What is a landscape boundry?
An area with a sharp change in elevation between two different adjoining bedrock structures.
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What is a ridge?
A long narrow hilltop, mountain range, or watershed
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Why are ridges are very difficult to traverse?
Because they have no mountain passes.
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What is the name for a long, steep slope that is often at the edge of a plateau or that separates areas of land at different heights?
An escarpment
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What kind of climate is most likely to support steeper slopes with sharper edges?
An arid climate
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What shape of mountain would be most likely found in a humid climate?
A smooth rounded shaped mountain (eg, Mount Greylock, MA)
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Why do rocks in the desert tend to generally have steep slopes?
Because there is more physical erosion in an arid climate.
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In deserts, why do mesas like this (in picture) tend to have a milder slope at the bottom, and a much steeper slope near the top?
Because the rock near the bottom is weaker than near the top and has collapsed because of that.
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What type of mountains result from more chemical weathering than physical weathering?
Smooth, and rounded mountains with gentle slopes.
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