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HISTOLOGY-Lecture 2-Cell Cycle/Cell Division
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Cell Cycle (phase overview)
Interphase
-
G1
- Gap 1 phase
-
S
- synthesis phase
-
G2
- Gap 2 phase
Mitosis
- cell division
G0
- outsied phase
Interphase
G1- gap phase
-synthesis of
RNA
regulatory proteins for DNA replication
enzymes for synthetic activities
-reestablish nucleoli
-duplication of centrioles begun
-nucleoli reappear
-growth of cell occurs
S- synthesis phase
-duplication of genome (replication)
twice the amount of DNA now available
- nucleoproteins imported & incorporated
-duplication of centrioles completed
G2 -gap 2 phase
-synthesis of
RNA needed for cell division
proteins needed for cell division
tubulin needed for microtubule production
DNA analyzed for errors & corrected
-storage of energy needed for cell division
G0 - outside phase
cell in permanent G1 phase
cell cannot divide
ex:
-neurons
-muscles cells
G1- gap phase
-synthesis of
RNA
regulatory proteins for DNA replication
enzymes for synthetic activities
-reestablish nucleoli
-duplication of centrioles begun
-nucleoli reappear
-growth of cell occurs
phase of interphase
S- synthesis phase
-duplication of genome (replication)
twice the amount of DNA now available
- nucleoproteins imported & incorporated
-duplication of centrioles completed
phase of interphase
G2 -gap 2 phase
-synthesis of
RNA needed for cell division
proteins needed for cell division
tubulin needed for microtubule production
DNA analyzed for errors & corrected
-storage of energy needed for cell division
phase of interphase
Mitosis (definition)
division of the nucleus that results in the daughter cells having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Mitosis (characterized by)
-one division
-daughter cells have the same # of chromosomes as the parent cell
-2 daughter cells are produced
-found in somatic cells
Mitosis (Steps)
Karyokinesis (division of the nucleus)
-Prophase
-Metaphase
-Anaphase
-Telophase
Cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)
Karyokinesis (definition and steps)
division of the nucleus during Mitosis
steps:
-Prophase
-Metaphase
-Anaphase
-Telophase
Prophase (steps)
1. chromatin -> chromosomes
- chromatids-half chromosome
-centromere-constricted part of chromosome
-kinetochore - microtubule organizing center (MTOC) developes from here
2. Nucleoli disappear
3.Centrosome divides
-one centriole
-one MTOC
4. one centriole + one MTOC migrates
5.spindle apparatus forms from MTOC
-astral rays
-spindle fibers
*Prometaphase begins
Prometaphase (steps)
1. nuclear membrane disappears
2. spindle fibers
- reach chromosomes
-polar microtubules attach to microtubules from other side
-kinetochore microtubules attach to kinetochore
Metaphase (steps)
1. chromosomes maximally condensed
2.spindles attached to kinetochore
3. chormosomes line up at equator
Anaphase (steps)
1. sister chromatids pull appart to opposite poles
2. cytokinesis begins
Telophase
1. nuclear membrane reappears
2. chromosomes -> chromatin
3. nucleoli reappear (NOR function) - G1
4.spindle apparatus disappears
Cytokinesis
division of cytoplasm
begins during anaphase
actin & myosin involved
Meiosis (define)
cell division that results in the daughter cells having 1/2 the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Meiosis (characterized by)
-two divisions
-daughter cells have 1/2 the chromosomes of the parent cell
-4 daughter cells are produced
-gamete production
Meiosis (stages)
Reductional Division
1. Prophase 1
2. Metaphase 1
3. Anaphase 1
4. Telophase 1
5. Interphase
Equatorial Division
1. Prophase 2
2. Metaphase 2
3. Anaphase 2
4. Telophase 2
Reductional Division of Meiosis
1. Prophase 1
2. Metaphase 1
3. Anaphase 1
4. Telophase 1
5. Interphase
Equatorial Division of Meiosis
1. Prophase 2
2. Metaphase 2
3. Anaphase 2
4. Telophase 2
Prophase 1 (characteristics)
nuclear membrane breaks down
chromatin ->chromosomes
nucleoli disappear
centriole migrates
spindle apparatus forms
homologus cheomosomes synapse
crossing over takes place
Prophase 1 (subdivisions)
leptotene
zygotene
pachytene
diplotene
diakinesis
Leptotene
subdivision of Prophase 1 of Meiosis
chromatin condensation begins
Zygotene
subdivision of Prophase 1 of Meiosis
chromosome condensation
chromosomes become visible
homologous chromosomes synapse
Pachytene
subdivision of Prophase 1 of Meiosis
chromosome condensation
crossing over occurs
Diplotene
subdivision of Prophase 1 of Meiosis
chromosome condensation
chiasmata appear
(-crossing over points become visible)
Diakinesis
subdivision of Prophase 1 of Meiosis
max condensation
nucleoli disappear
nuclear membrane disappears
centriole migrates
spindle apparatus forms
Metaphase 1
homologous chromosomes line up
spindle fibers attach to kinetochore
Anaphase 1
homologous chromosomes separate
Telophase 1
nuclear membrane reforms
chromosomes -> chromatin
nucleoli reforms
spindle apparatus disappears
cytokinesis occurs
Interphase
short
no S phase
Equatorial Division
* very mitotic
1. Prophase 2
2. Metaphase 2
3. Anaphase 2
4. Telophase 2
Prophase 2
nuclear membrane disappears
chromatin -> chromosomes
nucleoli disappear
one centriole migrates
spindle apparatus forms
Metaphase 2
chromosomes line up in the middle
spindle fibers attach
Anaphase 2
chromatids separate
Telophase 2
nuclear membrane reforms
chromsomes -> chromatin
nucleoli reforms
spindle apparatus disappears
cytokinesis
Author
lfield5
ID
65203
Card Set
HISTOLOGY-Lecture 2-Cell Cycle/Cell Division
Description
Lecture 2-Cell Cycle/Cell Division
Updated
2011-02-11T05:26:41Z
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