nutritionFlash3.txt

• 1. Bs and C
• 2. For the most part, not stored in the body
• 3. Heat-sensitive
• 4. Can be oxidized
• 5. If cooked in water, vitamin will be lost

• 1. A, E, D, & K
• 2. Stored in the body

Part of coenzymes, metabolism

• Thiamin
• Riboflavin
• Niacin
• Pantothenic acid
• Biotin
• B6
• Folate
• B12

A molecule that combines with an enzyme and activates its metabolism

• Thiamin
• Riboflavin
• Niacin
• Pantothenic acid
• Biotin

B6

• Folate
• B12

• Pork products
• Sunflower seeds
• Enriched and whole grain cereals

Cellular energy metabolism and nerve responses of muscle tissue

Thiamin deficiency; loss of sensation in hands and feet, muscular weakness, advancing paralysis

• Enriched breads
• Cereals
• Pastas
• Milk and dairy products
• Spinach
• Eggs and meat

Coenzyme activity in cellular energy metabolism

Cracks and redness at corner of eyes and eyelids, sensitivity to light, skin rashes

• Chicken
• Tuna
• Pork
• Enriched cereals
• Mushrooms
• Baked potato

Coenzyme in cellular energy metabolism

• Niacin deficiency, the 4 Ds:
• Diarrhea
• Dermatitis
• Dementia
• Death

• Leafy green vegetables
• Fresh uncooked vegetables and fruits
• Avacados
• Beets
• Lentils
• Enriched grain products
• Eggs

Cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, works with B12 to make new RBCs

Folate deficiency; diminished immunity and abnormal digestive function

Folate deficiency: abnormalities of brain and spinal cord apparent at birth (cleft lip, miscarriages, death shortly after birth) directly related to folate consumption before and during pregnancy

• Chicken liver
• Sirloin steak
• Pork
• Tuna
• Swiss cheese
• Cottage cheese

Close w/folate, depend on each other for activation; helps maintain nerve sheaths that protect nerve fibers

B12 deficiency: large immature RBCs and damage to nervous system (folate sometimes masks it, esp. In vegetarians)

• Meat
• Fish
• Poultry
• Liver
• Legumes
• Fruits
• Potatoes
• Whole grains
• Soy

100+ reactions in body tissues: helps convert amino acids to nonessential amino acids that may be lacking cells, aids in conversion of tryptophan to niacin, role in synthesis of hemoglobin and neurotransmitters, critical to developing brain and nervous system of a fetus

General symptoms such as weakness, depression, confusion, irritability, insomnia, and anemia

Ubiquitous

Energy metabolism, a component of a key coenzyme that makes the release of energy from cholesterol, protein, and fat possible

Ubiquitous

Cofactor for several enzymes in the metabolism of cholesterol, fat, and protein, amino acid metabolism, and glycogen synthesis

• Citrus fruits
• Dark
• Leafy vegetables
• Cantaloupe
• Strawberries
• Peppers
• Lettuce
• Tomatoes
• Potatoes
• Papayas
• Mangoes

• Collagen formation
• Antioxidant
• Aids iron absorption
• Formation of thryoxin
• Supports immune function

• Vitamin C deficiency that is a result of breakdown of collagen. Symptoms:
• Loss of appetite
• Growth cessation
• Tenderness to touch
• Weakness
• Bleeding gums
• Loose teeth
• Tiny red skin spots

• Animal protein (egg yolk, liver, butter)
• Beta carotene (carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach)
• Lycopene (tomatoes)

• Gene expression
• Vision in dim light
• Maintenence of body linings, skin, cornea
• Immune defences/anti-infective
• Dismantling of old bones
• Normal cell development
• Beta carotene is antioxidant
• Toxicity: not toxic but can turn skin orange

• Night blindness
• Blindness
• Keratinization: accumulation of keratin in a tissue

• Sunlight
• Milk (fortified)

• Raises blood calcium and phosphorus by increasing absorption from digestive tract, withdrawing calcium from bones and stimulating retention by kidneys (helps maintain calcium levels in blood and bone integrity)
• Hormone

Vitamin D deficiency in children with abnormal bone growth, bowed legs, outward bowed chest

Vitamin D deficiency in adults with overabundance of unmimeralized bone protein; bending of spine and bowing of legs

• Vegetable oil
• Wheat germ oil
• Safflower oil
• Canola oil
• Sunflower seeds
• Wheat germ

• Antioxidant
• White and red blood cells depend on it

Kind of alcohol; active form of vitamin E

• Dissolves in fat, may occur in people with fat malabsorption
• Erythrocyte hemolysis (infants RBCs rupture causing anemia, impaired movement, loss of muscle coordination

• Broccoli
• Cauliflower
• Cabbage
• Canola oil
• Spinach
• Salad greens
• Brussel sprouts
• Soybeans

Synthesize proteins that help clot the blood, synthesis of bone proteins

Vitamin K toxicity, breakage of RBCs that releases pigment, colors skin yellow, liver releases bilirubin

• Hemorrhage
• Poor skeletal mineralization

Bacteria in intestine makes it

400 ug/day

15 mg/day