Pharmacology Exam II

Cephalosporins are a class of

Advantages of cephalosporins over PCNs

cephalosporins can by hydrolyzed by

cephalosporins are not active against

cephalosporins have a similar nucleus compared to PCNs but have

First synthetic cephalosporin

Cephalosporin mechanism of action

cephalosporins are grouped by "generation" which distinguishes their

First generation cephalosporins are very active against

first generation cephalosporins are not generally active against

Each newer generation of cephalosporins contains

First generation cephalosporins

First generation cephalospoins that may be used orally

urin concentrations of 1st gen ceph.

tissue vs blood concentrations of 1st gen ceph.

excretion of 1st gen cephs.

Only first gen. cephalosporin still in use

Dose adjustments for 1st gen. ceph must be made based on

Uses of oral 1st gen cephalosporins

Uses of cefazolin (IV)

Second generation cephalosporins

Cephamycins

2nd generation cephalosporin spectrum

Oral 2nd gen cephalosporins

Usual dose of 2nd gen cephs

2nd gen Cephs are not active against PCN resistant pneumococci except

Second generation cephalosporin dosing depends on

oral 2nd gen cephs active against H influenzae or Moraxella are primarily used to treat

2nd gen. cephs have activity against _____ and can therefore be used to treat ____ and ____.

Used to treat community aquired pneumonia

Cefuroxime should not be used to treat

3rd generation cephalosporins

3rd gen cephs have _____ when compared to 2nd generation

3rd gen cephs are effective against

Only two drugs with useful activity against P aeruginosa (pseudomonas)

achieve leves in CSF to inhibit most pathogens influding gram-negative rods except pseudomonas

Only 3rd gen cephs that do not require renal dosing

3rd gen cephs should be avoided in treatment of

Approved for treatment of meningitis except that caused by l monocytogenes

Clinical uses of Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime

Only recommended treatmenf for gonorrhea in the US

4th generation cephalosporins

Fourth Gen Cephalosporins

Cefepime uses

B-lactam antibiotics with activity against MRSA

Common ADRs with cephalosporins

Infrequent ADRs with cephalosporins

Cephalosporin allergies

Some patients with PCN allergy can tolerate cephalosporins, pt with history of anaphylaxis to PCN should _____

Toxicities of cephalosporins

Drug withdrawn from market due to tubular necrosis

Cephalosporins containing a methylthiotetrazole group frequently cause ____. Can be avoided with the use of ____.