Decreased muscle strength, altered muscle length, and faulty posture would all be exaple of ________.
impairments
Inability to lift arm to dress, and inability to ambulate to mailbox would both be examples of ?
functional limitations
Inability to volunteer at church, or get through the door to the office would be examples of a ______?
disability
rheumatoid arthritis and scoliosis are both examples of _____ _____?
active pathology
Where does the Line of Gravity pass through the
Head.
Relationship of LOG to ext. landmark?
Rotational Influence?
through external auditory meatus
rotational influence is flexion
Where does the Line of Gravity pass through the
Neck.
Relationship of LOG to ext. landmark?
Rotational Influence?
through bodies of cervical vertebrae.
rotational influence is flexion.
Where does the Line of Gravity pass through the
shoulder.
Relationship of LOG to ext. landmark?
bisects tip of acromion.
Where does the Line of Gravity pass through the
Trunk?
Relationship of LOG to ext. landmark?
Rotational Influence?
midway through the trunk.
flexion (thoracic)
Where does the Line of Gravity pass through the
Hip?
Relationship of LOG to ext. landmark?
Rotational Influence?
through greater trochanter.
extend
Where does the Line of Gravity pass through the
knee?
Relationship of LOG to ext. landmark?
Rotational Influence?
slightly anterior to a midline through knee.
hyperextend
Where does the Line of Gravity pass through the
ankle/foot?
Relationship of LOG to ext. landmark?
Rotational Influence?
slightly anterior to lateral malleolus.
dorsiflex
The scapula lies _____ on the thorax and between the ___ and ___ vertebrae; and approximately __ inches apart.
flat
2nd and 7th
4 inches
The COG is the _____ vertebrae in adults.
2nd sacral
The pelvis should be ____ (iliac crests); ASIS in horizontal line within ___ degrees lower than PSIS; ASIS in same (horizontal or vertical) plane as the pubic symphysis.
level
15 degrees
vertical plane
If the ankles are together and the knees fall greater than ___ inches apart, then genu _____ is present.
2 inches
genu varus
If the knees are touching while the feet are apart, then genu ____ is present.
genus valgus
It is normal for the foot to be ______ approximately ___ to ___ degrees.
toeing-out 7-10 degrees
Childeren:
COG at level of _th ______ vertebrae.
genu varum until ____ months, then genu valgum until approximately ___ years.
Exaggerated _____ curve..
12th thoracic vertebrae
18 months
3 years
lumbar curve
What are some structural factors that affect posture?
bony contours, laxity of ligaments, musculotendinous tightness, muscle tone and joint position/mobility
If the center of a weight bearing joint coincides with a line of gravity then there is a equal tendency for the joint to flex or extend? True or False
True
Joint moments:
The head/neck, trunk, and ankle all tend towards ______ moments.
Flexion
The hip and knee both tend toward _____ moments.
extension
Scoliosis:
______ scoliosis: due to poor posture, leg length discrepancy, non-progressive, and disappears with forward flexion.
______ scoliosis: due to bony deformity, excessive muscle weakness, progressive, doesnt disappear with forward flexion, and is idiopathic.
non-structural
structural
genu ____ results from medial rotation of the femur, pronation of the feet, and hyperextension of the knees.
genu varum
genu _____ results from lateral rotation of the femur, supination of the feet and hyperextension of the knees.
genu valgus
_____ or ______ deformities are due to poor habits, muscle imbalances, pain, and are relatively easy to correct after the problem is identified.
postural or postional
_______ deformities result from congenital deformity, developmental problems, trauma, disease and involve changes in bone that are not easily corrected without surgery.
Structural
Handedness and posture:
A right handed person: right should is ____, right hip is ____, and the left foot is more ______.
low
high
pronated
With right-handed posture, what muscles might be elongated and weak?
left lateral trunk muscles, right hip abductors, left hip adductors, right peroneus L&B, left tib. post, left flexor hallucus longus, left flexor digitorum longus (L inverters, R everters)
With right-handed posture, what muscle groups might be short and strong?
Right lateral trunk muscles, left hip abductors, right hip adductors, left peroneus longus/brevis, right tib post, right flexor hallucis longus, right flexor digitorum longus, left TFL strong and band tight (R inverters, L everters)
With Kyphosis-lordosis posture :what is short and strong, and what is long and weak?
short and strong: neck extensors and hip flexors; lower erector spinae strong
weak: neck flexors, upper back erector spinae, external oblique, and hamstrings may be elongated.
With lordosis posture pattern, what is long and weak, and what is short and tight?
long and weak: anterior abdominals, hamstrings(long)
short and tight: low back extensors and hip flexors
With sway back posture, what is long and weak, and what is short/strong?
long and weak: one joint hip flexors, external oblique, upper back extensors and neck flexors
short and strong: hamstrings, internal oblique, and low back muscles (strong)
With Flat back posture, what is long and weak and what is short/strong?
long and weak: one-joint hip flexors
short and strong: hamstrings and abdominals (strong)
A pt presents wit weak middle and lower trapezius and short pec and lat dorsi on exam. What postural deviations might you expect?
forward or rounded shoulders; thoracic kyphosis; scapular abduction and winging
A patient with weak neck flexors and short upper trap and neck extensors on exam. What postural deviations might you expect?
forward head with cervical hyperextension
A patient with weak external obliques and iliopsoas and short upper abdominals and hamstring on exam. What postural deviations might you expect?
posterior pelvic tilt
With weak neck flexors you tend to see?
forward head
With weak middle and lower trapezius you see?
forward shoulders, abducted scapula
With weak upper erector spinae you see?
kyphosis
With weak lower abdominals what do you tend to see?
faulty alignment, lack of pelvic stability (sway back,lordosis)
With weak posterior gluteus medius you tend to see?
faulty alignment, increased lateral pelvic tilt in gait
Weak abdominals, short ilipsoas and back extensors results in?
lordosis
Weak gluteus medius on left/ hip adductors on right and short lateral trunk flexors on left/ hip adductors on left results in?
left hip high, pelvic tilt
Weak on right: peroneus longus/brevis, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus.
Strong on right: tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, and flexor digitorum longus.
This results in?
supinated right foot
MMT will test weaker in a shortened postion. For example, traditional test postion will test weaker than MMT in a longer 10-15 degree postion. This is known as _____ ______.
postional weakness
What do you do for a person with shortened muscles caused by anatomic adaptation such as loss of sarcomeres due to remaining in a shortened position?
use prolonged elongation with low loads will preserve tissue integrity; resting splint; strengthen and shorten muscle's long/weak antagonist
What muscle imbalances might you see with genu varus?
weak and long:
short and strong:
weak and long: hip lateral rotators, popliteus, tib posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
short and strong: hip medial rotators, quadriceps, peroneus longus and brevis
What muscle imbalances might you see with Right thoracic, left lumbar scoliotic curve?
weak/long:
short/strong:
weak/long: right upper erector spinae muscles
left lower erector spinae muscles
short/strong: right lower erector spinae muscles
left upper erector spinae muscles
What might you see with genu valgus?
lengthened:
shortened:
