This occurs when there is excessive acid production or inadequete bicarbonate production
Metabolic acidosis
Over production of H+ ions resulting in metabolic acidosis can occur as a result of?
DKA, fever, or seizure; starvation, aspirin overdose
Under elimination of H+ ions resulting in metabolic acidosis can occur as a result of?
Renal Failure
Under production of bicarbonate resulting in metabolic acidosis can occur as a result of?
Renal Failure, pancreatitis, dehydration, or liver failure
Over elimination of bicarbonate resulting in metabolic acidosis can occur as a result of?
Diarrhea
Clinical manifestation of acidosis include:
Respiratory Acidosis
decreased respiratory rateMetabolic Acidosis
Kussmals in attempt to blow off CO2
The cardiac system can be affected by acidosis with the following clinical manifestations:
Dysrythmias (bradycardia to heart block), hypotension, weak pulses, wide QRS, prolong PR interval, prolonged T wave
The CNS can be affected by acidosis with the following clinical manifestations:
depression of the CNS can result in confusion and lethargy. Neuromuscular manifestations result from increase in H+ accompanied by hyperkalemia leading to decreased muscle tone and muscle weakness which is bilateral and can progress to flacid paralysis
The respiratory rate increases in an effort to blow off CO2 , this leads to increased gas exchange and affects the Integumentary system in what way?
Metabolic Acidosis vasodilation causing the skin and mucus membranes to becomewarm, dry and pinkRespiratory ineffective breathing leads to hypoxemia and skin becomespale to cyanotic, dry
Interventions for Acidosis:
Treat underlying cause
Metabolic Insulin and hydration are used to decrease blood glucose, therby stopping production of ketonesProlonged Diarrhea- antidiarrheals, and hydrationRenal Failure- dialysis to eliminate acid producing toxins and lower K+
Interventions for Respiratory Acidosis:
Maintain patent airway with enhanced gas exchange
-meds bronchodilator, steroids, mucolytics
-oxygen improve gas exchange
-pulmonary toilet
-ventilatory support
- frequent ABG reports
Assess LOC frequently
Diet- low carb, high fat limit additional acid production