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Needs
Deficiency-satisfying or growth-promoting conditions producing energy and behavioral direction
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Physiological need
rooted in biological forces
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Ogranismic Needs
(psychological) rooted in human nature
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Acquired need
(social, quazi) rooted in experience
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All needs generate energy but they differ in
- -directional effects on behavior
- -Nature of motivation
- -Deficiency motivations (thirst, hunger)
- -Growth motivation (Learning, power)
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Innate needs
Physio - Thirst, hunger, sex
Pshychological - Autonomy, competence, relatedness
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Learned Needs
Social - Achievement, affiliation, intimacy, power
Quasi - Money, work, shopping
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Physiological needs
lead to proactiev behavior such as challenge seeking and environmental exploration
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3 Organismic psychological needs
1) Autonomy (self determination) - need to experience choice
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2) competence
the need to produce intentional changes in the environment
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3)Relatedness
the need to relate the self to others through social interaction
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3 factors that relate to percieved autonomy that then feeds/satisifes our need for autonomy
- 1- Locus of control
- 2- Volition (freedom v coercion) - unpressured willingness to engage in activity
- 3 - Percieved choice (choice v obligation)
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Autonomy - supportive environment
- -Identifies and supports interests and preferences
- - Catalyzes intrinsic motivation, cuiosity, desire for challenge
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Need for competence
Desire to exercise skills, be effective in interactions with environment, and master challenges
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(NFC)
Involves fit between skills and challenges
- -Match -> flow (optional experience
- -Skill < challenge (anxiety, self doubt)
- -Skill > challenge (Boredom, disinterest)
*other requirements - performance feedback, learning environment, structure)
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Need for Relatedness
Desire to establish close emotional bonds with others and maintain warm "+" relationships
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Types of relationships
Communal - Based on genuine care
Exchange - based on economic or social exchange
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Social and quasi needs
- Social - needs that activate emotional responses to learned need - relevent incentives
- Quasi - situation based and often temporary (money shopping, sensation seeking)
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Social needs
'light side'
'dark side'
L = Intimacy: engage in warm, "+" relationships; relationship quality
D = Affiliation: need for approval, acceptance and security; fear of rejection
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