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Buffer
is a substance or a group of substances that absorb or release hydrogen ion (H+) to corret an acid-base imbalance.
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The greater the concentration of H+,
the more acidic the solution and the lower the pH.
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The lower the concentration of H+,
the more alkaline the solution and the higher the pH.
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CO2 is what and what does it regulate
Carbon dioxide, which is an acid, regulates the lungs
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HCO3 is what and what does it regulate
it is a bicarbonate, which is a base, and it regulates the kidneys
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Hyponatremia
is a lower than normal concentration of sodium in the blood, which occurs when there is a net sodium loss or a net water excess.
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Hypernatremia
is a greater than normal concentration of sodium in the ECF caused by excess water loss or an overall sodidum excess.
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Hypokalemia
produced by an inadequate amount of potassium in the ECF.
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Hyperkalemia
is greater than normal amounts of potassium in the blood.
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Hypocalcemia
represents a drop in total serum and/or ionized calcium.
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Hypercalcemia
is an increase in the total serum concentration of calcium and/or ionized calcium.
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Hypomagnesemia
a drop in serum magnesium levels, occurs with malnutrition and malabsorption disorders.
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Hypermagnesemia
an increase in serum magnesium levels
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Hypochloremia
occors when the serum choride level falls below normal.
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Hyperchloremia
occurs when the serum chloride level rises above normal.
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What is used to measure acid-base balance and oxygenation
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
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