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Succession
the concept that communities proceed through a series of recognizable, predictable changes in structure over time
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Climax Community
a relatively stable, long-lasting community that is the result of succession
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Primary Succession
a successional progression that begins with a total lack of organisms and bare mineral surfaces or water
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Secondary Succession
a successional progression that begins with the destruction or disturbance of an existing ecosystem
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Pioneer Community
collection of organisms
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successional stage
each step in this process from pioneer community to climax community
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seral stage
each step in this process from pioneer community to climax community
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Sere
the entire sequence of stages from pioneer community to climax community
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Biomes
Terrestrial climax communities with wide geographic distribution
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Deserts
areas that generally average less that 25 centimeters of precipitation per year.
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Temperate grasslands / prairies / steppes
widely distributed over temperate parts of the world.
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Savannas
found in tropical parts of afric, south america and australia and are characterized by extensive grasslands spotted with occasional trees or patches of trees.
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mediterranean shrublands
located near oceans and are dominated by shrubby plants
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tropical dry forest
another biome that is heavily influenced by season rainfall.
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tropical rainforest
located near the equator in central and south america, africa, southeast asia and some islands in the caribbean sea and pacific ocean
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temperate rainforests
exist in the coastal areas of northern californis, oregon, washington, british columbia, and souther alaska, new zealand and the southwest coast of chile
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taiga, northern coniferous forest, or boreal forest
throughout the southern half of canada, parts of northern europe and much of russia, there is an evergreen coniferous forest
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tundra
an extremely cold region that lacks trees and has a permanently forzen subsurface soil.
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permafrost
frozen soil layer
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alpine tundra
scattered patches of tundralike communities also are found on mountaintops throughout the world
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freshwater ecosystems
have little dissolved salt
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marine ecoststems
have a high salt content
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pelagic
organisms that are not attached to the bottom
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pelagic ecosystem
organisms that are not attached to the bottom are calle dpelagic organism and they be long to...
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plankton
aquatic organisms that are so small and wealy swimming that they are simply carried by currents.
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phytoplankton
planktonic organisms that carry on photosynthesis.
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euphotic zone
the upper layer of the ocean, where the suns rays penetrate
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zooplankton
small, weakly swimmin animals of many kinds that feed on the phytoplanton
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benthic
organisms that live on the ocean bottom, whether attached or not
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