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P wave
atrial depolarization
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QRS wave
ventricular depolarization
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T wave
ventricular repolarization
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arteries carry blood _______ ________ the heart
away from
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atreries are
more muscular and elastic then other blood vessels
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smallest branch of arteries are...
arterioles (which join with capillaries)
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capillaries
connect arterioles with venules
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veins carry blood ________ _______ the heart
back to
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largest veins are the...
inferior and superion vena cava
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veins are...
thinner then arteries and have less muscle tissue
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veins have...
valves that keep blood from flowing back
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what are the components of blood
erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes, plasma
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components of plasma
proteins, fibrinogen, prothrombin, neutrients, electrolights, oxygen, carbon dioxide, metabolic waste products, hormones, enzymes
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erythrocytes do what?
regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide through out the body
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leukocytes do what?
fight infection
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thrombocytes do what?
clotting
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normal cell count of erythrocytes
4.5-5.5 million per cubic mm
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normal cell count of leukocytes
5,000-10,000 per cubic mm
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normal cell count of thrombocytes
250,000-400,000 per cubic mm
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neutophils
engulf, ingest, and destroy bacteria
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eosinphils
defend the body from allergic reaction by producing antihistamines
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basophils
participate in the inflammatory response, produce histamine and heparin
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monocytes
phagocytize bacteria and foreign material (later response)
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lymphocytes
provide immunity for the body by developing antibodies
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iron deficiency anemia
an anemia that results when there is an inadequate amount of iron to form hemoglobin in red blood cells
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sickle cell anemia
a chronic, inherited anemia that results in the production of abnormal; crescent- shaped RBC's that carry less oxygen, break easily, and block blood vessels.
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aneurysm
ballooning of an artery wall
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arteriosclerosis
a hardening or thickening of the arterial walls, resulting in loss of elasticity and contractility
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atherosclerosis
a condition that occurs when fatty plaques are deposited on the wall of arteries. This narrows the arterial opening, which reduces or eliminates blood flow
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congestive heart failure
a condition that occurs when the heart muscles don't beat adequately to supply the blood needs of the body. May involve either the right or left side of the heart
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hemophilia
an inherited disease in which the blood does not clot (caused by the lack of a plasma protein required for the clotting process)
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hypertension
high blood pressure (usually greater than 140/90)
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leukemia
a disease of the bone marrow or lymph tissue that results in a high number of immature white blood cells
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myocardial infarction (heart attack)
occurs when a blockage in the coronary arteries cuts off the supply of blood to the heart. the affected tissue dies
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thrombophlebitis
blood clot
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varicose veins
dilated, swollen veins that have lost elasticity and cause stasis (decreased blood flow)
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P wave
atrial depolarization
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QRS wave
ventricular depolarization
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T wave
ventricular repolarization
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