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many prenatal risk factors contribute to a clefts which include _____ and _____ factors
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in what trimester does development get altered?
1st
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what are five examples of environmental factors that can cause alterations in development
- tobacco, alcohol, drug use
- phenytoin, vitamin A, corticosteriod
- folic acid deficiency
- lack of adequate prenatal care and instruction
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cleft lip=fusion failuer of ______ process and _____ process
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what weeks does the lip form?
4-7 week
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when does the palate form?
8-12 weeks
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when can cleft lip be dectected in utero?
end of 2nd month
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when can cleft palate be detected in utero?
end of 3rd month
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what is one of the most common craniofacial anomalies?
cleft lip/palate
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t/f cleft palate is closed at 2-3 months
false 18 months
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when is a cleft lip surgically joined?
2-3 months
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what is the primary surgery for cleft lip/palate? secondary?
- primary-closes gap
- secondary-lip nose palate and jaw surgery
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what is it called when there is difficulty controlling motor parts or parlysis due to brain injury
cerebral palsy
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what causes cerebral palsy?
many differnet sources of brain injury and it can occur at anytime during ones life
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what are causes of cerebral palsy before birth? 4
- lack of oxygen to fetus
- infecction
- diabetes
- nutritional dificiencies of mother
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what are some causes of cerebral palsy at early infancy? 4
- traumatic injury
- lead poisoning
- abuse
- meningitis
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what is spasticity?
damage to cerebral cortex
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what are the symptoms of spacicity?
- spasms of muscles
- awkward stiff movements
- lack of control over muscles
- falling down frequently
- overweight because of sedetary life
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whast is athetosis
damage to basal ganglia
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what are the symptoms of athetosis
- constant involuntary unorganized muscular movement
- drooling
- speec difficulties
- thin due to constant movement
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t/f a pt with spasticity would be very thin due to constatn movement
FALSE overweight due to sedentray life because of falling
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t/f a pt with athetosis would be overweight due to sedentary life
FALSE very thin due to constant movement
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what is ataxia
damage to cerebellum
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what are the symptoms of ataxia
- loss of equilibrium,
- unbalanced
- difficulty walking and sitting up straight
- inactive due to loss in balance
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what type of cerebral palsy has rigid stiff muscles hypertonic state resists movement and lacks in activity
rigidity
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what type of cerebral palsy has quivering of entire body or just certain areas?
tremor
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what type of cerebral palsy has flabby weak muscles unalbe to stand or keep head raised drooling occurs and problems swallowing, chewing and speaking
flaccidity
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t/f there are ways to cure cerebral palsy with meds
false-no cure
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what is something helpful to use during treatment of a pt with cerebral palsy
mouth prop
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mental retardation occurs in fewer than ____% of those with cerebral palsy
50
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in what % of people do seizures occur with cerebral palsy
25-30%
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what are 8 oral characteristics of cerebral palsy
- problems opeing mouth, swallowing, chewing
- malocclusion
- mouth breathing
- tongue thrusting
- atrittion
- fracture teeth
- caries
- periodontal infections
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what would cause periodontal infections in a pt with cerebral palsy
Dilantin (seizure control) causes gingival hyperplasia and inadequate biofilm removal
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what is muscular dystrophy
progressive severe wekaness and loss of use of muscle groups. usually limited to skeletal muscle rarely involving cardiac muscle
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t/f muscular dystrophy usually is seen in females
false-in males but female can be carrier and pass on to son
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what is lordosis a characteristic of?
duchenne muscular dystrophy
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what are four characteristics of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
- facial muscles involved expecially orbicularis oris
- trouble completely closing eye
- difficulty raising arms
- progresses slowly
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what is the treatment for muscular dystrophy
no treatment
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t/f the symptoms of muscular dystrophy can be treated but not the disease
true
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t/f for a patient with muscle dystrophy you want to make sure the chair is as low as it can go.
FALSE raise chair hig and lift pts legs
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what is it called when a protion of the spinal cord sticks out of an opening in the spinal column?
myelomeningocele spina bifida
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what can help prevent spina bifida
folic acid and prenatal vitamins
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what are five characteristics of myelomeningocele?
- bony deformities due to paralysis
- loss of sensation-pain cannot be felt
- bladder and bowel paralysis
- loss of kidney function
- hydrocephalus
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