Speciation

Genetic divergence.

• Morphology - looks
• Ecology - habitat
• Behavior
• Genetic Characteristics

It has a political and enviromental importance.

• 1. Selection favors something over time, turning a species slowly into a new species.
• 2. Offshoot species arise from original population.

A biological species is a group of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

Produce fertile offspring together.

Prevent union of gametes (sperm + egg).

Something goes wrong after gametes unite.

• Mechanical Isolation
• Temporal Isolation - Species mate at different times
• Behavioral Isolation
• Ecological Isolation
• Gamete Mortality

• Hybrid Inviability - they die early
• Hybrid Sterility

The sperm + egg together.

• Species that reproduce asexually
• Extinct organisms (fossils) - don't know enough about them
• Limited gene flow between populations - they have never come into contact to try to mate so we don't know

The pace of extinction is increasing due to human activities. We are changing faster than species can change to adapt.

Creates Reproductive Isolation - different species.

H-W measuring gene & allele frequencies - same species.