Ch 2

thoroughly studying and testing different work methods to identify the best, most efficient way to complete a job.

when workers deliberately slow their pace or restrict their work output.

a group memeber whose work pace is significantly faster than the normal pace in his or her group

breaking each task or job into its separate motions and then elimination those that are unnecessary or repetitive

timing how long it takes good workers to complete each part of their jobs

a graphical chart that shows which tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a project or task

the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience

an approach to dealing with conflict in which one party satisfies its desires and objectives at the expense of the other party's desires and objectives

an approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties give up some of what they want in order to reach agreement on a plan to reduce or settle the conflict

an approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties indicate their preferences and then work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both

a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces created by two or more people

a set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole

smaller systems that operate within the context of a larger system

when two or more sub systems working together can produce more than they can working apart

systems that can sustain themselves without interacting with their environments

systems that can sustain themselves only by interacting with their environments, on which they depend for their survival

the inevitable and steady deterioration of a system

holds that there are no universal management theories and that the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place