230 exam 1

remainging occupied and involved is necessary to a satisfying late-life

gradual withdrawal from society and relationships serves to maintain social equilibrium and promote internal reflection

the elderly prefer to segregate from society in an aging subculture sharing loss of status and societal negativity regarding the aged.

personality influences roles and life satisfaction and remains consistent throughtout life. Past coping patterns recur as older adults adjust to declines

society is stratified by age groups that are the basis for acquiring resources, roles, status, and deference from others.

function is affected by ego strength, mobility, health, cognition, sensory perception, and the environment. competency changes one's ability to adapt to environmenal demands

the elderly transform form a materialistic/rational perspective toward oneness with the universe. Successful transformation includes an outward focus, accpeting impending death, substantive relationships, intergenerational connectedness and unity with the universe

five basic needs motivate human behavior in a lifelong process toward need fulfillment

personality consists of an ego and personal and collective unconsciousness that views life from a personal or external perspective. Older adults search for life meaning and adapt to functional and social losses.

life stages are predictable and structured by roles, relationships, values, and goals. Persons adapt to changing roles and relationships.

individuals cope w/ aging losses through activity/role selection, optimization, and compensation. critical life points are morbidity, mortality, and quality of life.

tobacco smoke, pesticides, organic solvents, radiation, ozone, selected meds

membranes, nucleic acids, and proteins are damaged by free radicals which causes cellular injury and aging

errors in DNA and RNA synthesis occur with aging

cells wear out and cannot function with aging

with aging, proteins impede metabolic processes and cause trouble with gettin nutrients to cells and removing cellular waste products

based on random events that cause cellular damage that accumulate as the organism ages

theories; free radical,orgel/error, wear and tear, connective, cross-link

based on genetically programmed events that cause cellular damage that accelerates aging of the organisms

theories; programmed, gene/biological clock, neuroendocrine, immunological

cells divide until they are no longer able to and this triggers apoptosis or cell death

cells have a genetically programmed aging code

problems with the hypothalamus-pituitary-endocrine gland feedback system cause disease; increased insulin growth factor accelerates aging

aging is due to faulty immunological function, which is linked to general well-being

environmental and biopsychosocial consequences impact functioning. Nursing's role is risk reduction to minimize age-age associated disability in order to enhance safety and quality of living

failure to thrive results from a discord between the individual and his/her environment or relationships. Nurses ID and modify factos that contribute to disharmony among these elements

• 2. Toddler stage; autonomy vs. shame/doubt; self-control and willpower
• 3. Preschool stage; initiative vs. guilt; direction and purpose
• 4. School age; industry vs. inferiority; method and competence
• 5. Adolescence; ID vs. role confusion; devotion and fidelity
• 6. Young adulthood; intimacy vs. isolation; affiliation and love
• 7. Middle adulthood; generativity vs. stagnation; production and care
• 8. Older adulthood; ego integrity vs. despair; renunciation and wisdom

• 2. Preoperational; 2-7yrs; the child is starts to use images, words and actions that stand for something else. Fastasy, or pretend play also starts to appear in this stage as well.
• 3. Concrete operations; 7-11yrs; logic, inductive and deductive reasoning, language perfected
• 4. Formal operations; 11-15yrs; true logical thought, manipulation of abstract concepts emerge, morality

• 2. Conventional; gaining approval, avoiding disapproval
• 3. Postconventional; agree upon rights, personal moral standards, justice

• 2. Conventional; sacrifices wants and needs to fulfill others’ wants and needs;self-sacrifice is goodness
• 3. Postconventional; moral equal of self and others; principle of nonviolence, do not hurt self or others