Lab Quiz 2

• Anterior Cranial Fossae: supports the frontal lobes of the cerebrum.
• Middle Cranial Fossae: support portions of the temporal and parietal lobes of the cerebrum and the diencephalon.
• Posterior Cranial Fossae: support portions of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.

• Dura Mater
• Arachnoid Mater
• Pia Mater

• The Medulla Oblongata
• The Pons
• The Midbrain

• The cerebral peduncles
• Corpora quadrigemina
• Superior colliculi
• Inferior colliculi

• Two cerebellar hemispheres (central area)
• Vermis (connects the hemispheres)
• Folia (folds, "gyri")
• Arbor vitae (white matter)
• Cerebellar cortex (gray matter)

• The Thalamus
• The Hypothalamus
• The Epithalamus

Intermediate Mass

• Infundibulum (stalk, connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus)
• Mammillary Bodies (two small round masses, posterior to infundibulum, replay stations for smell and taste reflexes)
• Optic Chiasm (optic nerve crosses, anterior to infundibulum)
• Pituitary Gland (large pea, attached to the end of the infundibulum)

Pineal Gland (small endocrine glad that secretes the hormone melatonin)

• Cerebral cortex (gray matter)
• Internal capsule (large group of projection fibers, contains sensory and motor tracts that connect the cerebral cortex to the brain stem and spinal cord)
• Corpus callosum (prominent commissural fiber tract, observable in a midsagittal section, it connects the two cerebral hemispheres)
• Fornix (tract of arched association fibers, center)
• Basal nuclei (gray matter composed of paired nuclei, found deep within each cerebral hemisphere)

Its an elevation or fold in the cerebral cortex; increases the surface area for neuron cell bodies.

Its a shallow groove between elevations.

Its a deep groove.

Olfactory: Smell

Sniff spice or coffee grounds (Ability to smell is normal)

Optic: Vision

Read a Snellen eye chart at 20ft (Ability to read is normal)

Oculomotor: Movement of eyelid & eyeball; accommodation of lens & pupillary constriction

• Observe eyelids (Eyelid not drooping is normal)
• Look up, down, medially, laterally, upper lateral, lower lateral (Ability to move eyeball is normal)

Trochlear: Movement of eyeball

Observe eyelids (Eyelid not drooping is normal)Look up, down, medially, laterally, upper lateral, lower lateral (Ability to move eyeball is normal)

Trigeminal: Chewing

Lightly touch the cornea of the subject with wisp of cotton (Blinking is normal)

Abducens: Movement of eyeball

Observe eyelids (Eyelid not drooping is normal)Look up, down, medially, laterally, upper lateral, lower lateral (Ability to move eyeball is normal)

Facial: Taste; facial expression; secretion of tears; salivation

Check tip of tongue for taste with sugar (Ability to taste is normal)

Vestibulocochlear: Equilibrium and hearing

Have the subject stand straight with eyes closed (Absence of swaying is normal)

Glossopharyngeal: Tates; swallowing and speech; secretion of saliva

Using a cotton-tipped applicator, gently touch the subject's uvula to elicit a gag reflex (Gag response is normal)

Vagus: Tates and somatic sensation from pharynx

Using a cotton-tipped applicator, gently touch the subject's uvula to elicit a gag reflex (Gag response is normal)

Accessory: Swallowing

Have subject shrug shoulders against resistance as you are holding them down (Both sides having equal strength is normal)

Hypoglossal: Speech and Swallowing

Ask your lab partner to stick out and retract his/her tongue (Tongue not deviating to one side is normal)

Chart used at the doctors office for visual testing for either distance or near sited. (20/20, 20/40, 20/15)

• - The top number represents the distance a person being tested stands from the eye chart.
• - The bottom number represents how far away a person with normal vision can be from the chart and still read the letters in that line.

Sun/clock shape chart. Use to test patients for astigmatism.

20/20 indicates that the subject has normal vision.

20/40 indicates that the subject sees at 20 feet what a person who has normal vision sees at 40 feet.

20/15 Indicates that the subject sees at 20 feet what a person with normal vision sees at 15 feet. This is better than normal vision.

An irregularity of lens or cornea of the eye causing the image to be out of focus and producing faulty vision.

• Rod
• Cone
• *They are connected to the ganglion cell layer by the bipolar neurons of the bipolar cell layer.*

It is one of two type of photoreceptors in the retina of the eye; specialized for vision in dim light.

It is one of the two type of photoreceptors in the retina that is specialized for highly acute color vision in bright light.

• The types of equilibrium receptors:
• - Maculae, located in the utricle & saccule.
• - Crista, located in the membranous semicircular ducts within the ampullae.

• It provides information on head position (static equilibrium), as well as linear acceleration and deceleration, a type of dynamic equilibrium.
• Its one of the equilibrium receptors.

• (Ampullaris) It detects rotational acceleration and deceleration, a type of dynamic equilibrium.
• Its one of the equilibrium receptors.

• Hair cells transduce mechanical vibrations to electrical vibration. This results in nerve impulses in the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII).
• They are located in the Cochlea.

A particle of calcium carbonate crystals embedded in the otolithic membrane that functions in maintaining static equilibrium.

Located: A specialized area of the epithelium lining the nasal cavity.

It covers the inferior surface of the cribriform plate, the superior nasal concha, and the upper part of the middle nasal concha.

• Sweet
• Bitter
• Salty
• Sour

MGS (Monosodium Glutamate)