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- Eukaryotic cells divide by one of two mechanisms - mitosis or meiosis
- Mitosis (my toes): occurs in somatic (body) cells
- Meiosis: occures in gametes (egg/sperm) cells
- Chromosomes: molecules of DNA
- Genes: segments of DNA on each chromosome
- Chromatin: when chromosomes form complexes with protein in the nucleus
- Diploid: having two sets of chromosomes
- Somatic cells have two copies of each chromosome - 46 (23 from each parent)
- Autosomes: 1 through 22
- Haploid: having one set of chromosomes
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Closer look at Chromosomes
- Sister chromatids: prior to division, each chromosome is duplicated to form two
- Centromere: what holds the sister chromatids together
- Spindles: attach to chromosomes and move them
- Centrioles: two poles overlapping at the spindle's equator
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Cell Cycle
- Squence of events that extends from the time of a cell's forma-tion until its division
- Interphase: G, S, G2
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