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How many bones make up the vertebral column?
26
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How many true (moveable) vertebrae are there?
24
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How many total vertebrae are there?
33
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How many regions are there in the vertebral column?
5
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From superior to inferior list the five regions and how many vertebrae are in each.
cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), & coccygeal (4)
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From superior to inferior list the four curvatures of the spine as seen in a lateral view.
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, & sacral
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What curves develop in the womb? Give the collective and individual names.
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What curves develop after birth? Give the collective and individual names.
- cervical and lumbar
- secondary
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What is the anterior, cylindrical weight-bearing portion of a vertebra?
body
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What two lateral structures of a vertebra form the pillars of the passageway for the spinal cord?
pedicles
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On a vertebra what structures extend from the lateral pillars to the midline?
laminae
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Together the posteriorly projecting pillars and the extensions to the midline form what structure?
vertebral arch
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Together the posteriorly projecting pillars and the extensions to the midline form what passageway within a vertebra?
vertebral foramen
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The vertebrae form what collective passageway for the spinal cord?
vertebral canal
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Adjacent vertebrae form what passageways for spinal nerves?
invertebral foramina
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What posteriorly projecting structures of the vertebrae can be palpated?
spinous process
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What lateral projections occur on each vertebra?
transverse processes
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What processes of a vertebra form synovial joints with the vertebrae immediately superior and inferior it?
superior & inferior articular processes
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What smooht, flat, articular surfaces occur on a vertebra?
articular facet
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What are the pads of fibrocartilage between vertebrae?
invertebral discs
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What is the outer ring of fibrocartilage within an intervertebral disc?
anulus fibrosis
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What is the inner, circular regions of an intervertebral disc?
nucleus pulposes
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What is the relative size of the cervical vertebrae?
small
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What is the shape of the spinous processes of C1-C6?
bifid
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What openings in the cervical vertebrae allow the passage of the verterbral arteries and veins?
transverse foramina
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What is another term for C1?
atlas
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What structures does C1 lack?
body & spinous process
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What is another anatomical term for C2?
axis
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During development the body of C1 ffuses to C3 to form what structure?
dens (odointoid process)
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What is another anatomical term for the spinous process of C7?
vertebra prominens
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What is the general shape of the bodies of T1-T12?
heart-shaped
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Thoracic vertebrae can be distinguished from all other vertebrae by what features?
costal facets
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What is the general shape of the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae?
large, round, oval
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What is teh characteristic of the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae?
thick & blunt posteriorly
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What is the anatomical term for the atnerior, superior bulge of the sacrum?
sacral promontory
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What paired openings occur on the anterior surface of the sacrum?
anterior sacral foramina
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The spinous processes of the sacrum form what structure?
median saceral crest
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What are the paired openings on the posterior side of the sacrum?
posterior sacral foramina
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What lateral structures of the sacrum articulate with the ossa coxae?
auricular surface
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What is the anatomical term for the tailbone?
coccyx
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What sturctures make up the thoracic cage?
thorax, ribs, & sternum
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What is the anatomical term for the breastbone?
sternum
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What are the three main parts of the sternum?
manubrium, clavicular notches, & xiphoid process
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What are the depressions on the sternum for the articulation of the clavicles?
clavicular notches
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What is the shallow, superior depression on the sternum?
suprasternal notch
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What depressions on the sternum do the ribs articulate with?
costal notches
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What palpable feature lies at the articulation of the manubrium and the body of the sternum?
sternal angle
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How many ribs are ther?
12 pairs
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What ribs have their costal cartilages directly articulated with the sternum? What are their numbers?
true ribs (1-7)
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What ribds do not have their costal cartilages directly articulated with the sternum? What are their numbers?
false ribs (8-12)
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What type of rib has no connection with the sternum? What are their numbers?
floating ribs (11-12)
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What part of a rub articualtes with the body (bodies) of a vertebra(e)?
head
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What part of a rib articualtes with the transverse process of a vertebra?
tubercle
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What part of a rib lies between the head and tubercle?
neck
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Ribs project posterolaterally from the vertebral column. What is the region of a rib where it chagnes if direction and begins curving toward the sternum?
angle
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What is the main part of a rib?
body
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What feature on the inferior side of a rib marks the path of a rib marks the path of an artery, a vein, and a nerve?
costal groove
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