Anat. Chapter 12 Cardiovascular

• -Transports elements in the blood throughout the body.
• -Regulates body temperature.
• -Maintains Homeostasis

Gas necessary for cellular respiration and circulated to the tissues by the blood.

The tip of the heart that rests on the diaphragm.

Main muscle of breathing that lies between the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

• -Area behind sternum and in front of lungs.
• -Separates lungs.
• -Includes trachea, esophagus, and large blood vessels.

Breastbone

Backbone

Inner layer that lines the heart chambers.

Outermost layer of the heart.

• -Thick middle layer of the heart
• -Muscle of the heart.

Sac in which the heart is located

Membrane that covers the outside of the heart.

• -Top chamber of the heart.
• -Smaller and less muscular than ventricle.
• -Function is to hold blood until it is moved to the ventricle.

4 Cavities of the heart.

Wall that divides the left and right chambers of the heart.

• -Pump blood out of heart.
• -Left ventricle has the thickest wall.

Body's largest artery

• -Valve between left ventricle and Aorta.
• -Prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle.

Valves that prevent blood in the ventricles from backing up into the atria when the ventricles contract.

Enlargement of the heart.

Fiberous cords that prevent the atrioventricular valves from collapsing under pressure.

Flaps on a valve.

Enlargement of an organ.

Vein that brings blood low in oxygen from the lower limbs and trunk.

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

Artery that carries oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

• -Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
• -Prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle

Vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium.

Blood flowing back from where it came.

Vein that brings blood low in oxygen from the head and upper limbs.

Valve that separates right atrium and right ventricle.

Structure that controls blood direction through the heart.

When a valve loses its abitlity to close tightly and permits blood to leak back into chamber.

• -Largest veins in the body.
• -Bring oxygen-poor blood from the body to the right atrium.

One heartbeat, which is one contraction and one relaxation.

Relaxation of the heart

• -One cardiac cycle
• -measurable contraction and relaxation of the heart.

Abnormal heart sound

Instrument used to listen to heart.

Contraction of the heart

Fibers of the atrioventircular node that send impulses to the Purkinje fibers

Group of cells in the right atrium that produces heart's electrical impulses.

• -Atroioventricular Bundle
• -Small band of muscle fibers that receive electrical impulses from the AV node.

Amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute.

• -Recording of cardiac cycles
• -Graphic picture of the heart's electrical activity.

• -Extend along the outer walls of the ventricles
• -Cause the ventricles to contract.

• -Natural pacemaker of the heart.
• -Located in right atrial wall

The amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in one beat.

Muscle exerting an opposite action to that of another muscle (in this case, sympathetic and parasympathetic)

Irregular heart rate or rhythm

System responsible for involuntary actions of muscles and glands.

A rapid but regular heart contraction.

Occurs when an impulse is slowed or stopped at a certain point in the conduction process.

System that returns the body back to balance after responding to. a reactive state

System responsible for the body's response to something

Gas waste released by the body cells.

Circulation of blood through the heart.

Blood that is low in oxygen.

Moves blood from the heart to the lungs then back to the heart again.

The movement of oxygenated blood through the heart and back out to body tissue.

Artery that supplies blood to the right and left ventricles

Artery that suppplies blood to the left atrium and left ventricle.

Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and supply the heart muscle with oxygen.

Death of tissue

Heart muscle is deprived of oxygen.

Artery that supplies blood to the right atrium and right ventricle

Artery that supplies blood to the left and right ventricles.

When arteries connect.

Split into 2 branches

Circle of arteries that provides a detour for arterial blood if an obsruction occurs.

Provide blood supply to the neck, face, and scalp.

Supply blood to the brain and networks within various parts of the brain.

Carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver.

Pair of arteries that arise from the subclavian arteries and move toward the brain.

In a fetus, connects the pulmonary artery with the aorta.

In a fetus, conducts blood from the umbilical vein, bypassing the liver to the inferior vena cava.

In a fetus, an opening located in the septum between the atria, allows blood to be pumped through heart and to the body without passing through lungs.

Physician specializing in the heart.

Bluish discoloration of the nails or skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood.

Excessive sweating

Condition of low oxygen levels

Physician who specializes in internal organs.

Obstruction of blood vessel

Preventative

Secondary result of another disease.

• -Condition in which blood cannot flow through vlaves into the next chamber.
• -caused by hardening of the flaps or scar tissue on the flaps.

Fainting

Small arteries that carry blood to the capillaries.

Blood vessel that transports blood high in oxygen from the heart.

Elastic tube-like channel through which blood flows.

Smallest blood vessel that moves oxygen into and removes waste products from body tissue.

The space across a vessel (from wall to wall)

Plural of Varix

Twisted and swollen vein.

To make a blood vessel narrower.

To make a blood vessel wider.

Blood vessel that carries blood low in oxygen to the heart.

Small veins that carry blood from cappilaries to veins.

Weakness in the wall of an artery.

Symptoms of pain and weakness in the legs that subside with rest.

To make smaller or decrease in size.

Making larger, increase in size.

Clot that moves through the bloodstream.

Inflammation of the walls of veins.

Stationary clot.