Protein Synthesis Vocabulary

organic polymer that stores information for the production of proteins which is involved with the transmission of this inherited information

deoxyribo nucleicacid; Central nucleic acid with the code of proteins. Major component of chromosomes in eukaryotes and found primarily in the nucleus of eukaryotes although a small amount is found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts. Known as the template of the genetic code.

• repeating
• monomers that make up nucleic acids; made of phosphate, sugar, and N-base

• functional
• group made of 1-phosphorous atom bonded to 4- oxygen atoms; (-) charge due to
• oxygen atoms with extra electrons. Bond
• to the 5^th-prime carbon of the sugar. Make up the backbone of a DNA strand
• alternating with the sugars

• In
• DNA it is deoxyribose, in RNA it is the regular ribose sugar. Both are pentose, 5 carbon sugars. The 1’ Carbon is bonded to the N-base
• compound. The 3’ Carbon is where the new
• nucleotides would be added. The 5’
• Carbon is where the phosphate is attached

• 1. There are 5 different N-base compounds. In DNA:

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.
• In RNA: Adenine, Uracil,
• Cytosine, and Guanine. They make up the
• center of the DNA and the order is the code for the proteins. They are divided into two groups depending on
• their structure: Purines and
• Pyrimidines.

These N-bases are made of two carbon rings and are larger than the others. The examples are: Adenine and Guanine.

• These
• N-bases are made of only 1 carbon ring and are smaller than the others. The examples are: Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil

• A purine must bond by weak H-bonds to a pyrimidine. The bonding is very specific, ex: A=T and C=G for DNA & A=U and C=G
• for RNA!